Should the Fed intervene in Asset Bubbles Thesis

Should the Fed intervene in Asset Bubbles - Thesis Example Since hindsight offers perfect or a 20/20 vision, many people opined the US central bank failed in its task to promote healthy and sustainable economic growth for the country, and by extension of being a multi-trillion dollar economy, for the entire world. The advent of a global economy has made potential economic disruptions like bursting of asset bubbles a serious matter to contend with. Economists, politicians and policy makers now pay more attention to the formation of asset bubbles, how these start, how these bubbles could be prevented from growing bigger and what actions can be considered as appropriate if a bubble is clearly identified. It must be admitted that despite the experience of several prior asset bubbles, policy options are still woefully limited. Economists and academic theorists are conflicted on what responses are considered to be the most appropriate in such situations. The experience with asset bubbles is not fairly recent since the phenomena had existed since t he middle Renaissance period. A frequently-used example was the so-called â€Å"tulip-mania† in 1634 up to 1637 in which a few special black tulips fetched the same price as a mansion! Although there are many types of asset bubbles, there is some agreement that bubbles are formed by two causes: the first cause is when financial intermediaries like banks, brokers, brokerage houses and even the central bank (by failing to act and is guilty by default) â€Å"pump† up the price of an asset or a particular asset class; the second cause is when a nation's financial institutions lend to people or groups who are politically connected. The US housing market is a good example of the first cause cited above in creating a bubble. Banks, mortgage lenders and mortgage brokers fed the frenzy by making obtaining a housing loan very easy, even to an extent of giving out mortgages to people who were imminently not qualified for a loan for the reason of not having adequate incomes to pay the monthly amortizations or even approving a loan to non-existent borrowers (bordering on outright fraud). The practice of American banks to originate and distribute (in contrast to other countries in which banks originate and hold) is seen as further hastening the expansion of the housing bubble. Some experts blame complex financial instruments known as derivatives as the prick that finally caused the bursting of the housing bubble; in particular, they liked to cite collateralised debt obligations (CDOs) as the culprit. CDOs were and still are risky investment instruments; these represented an ill-defined asset class, namely derivatives similar to options (puts and calls) and credit default swaps. The second cause is when large sums of monies are lent to people who are politically well connected in a form of financial cronyism. Although not very prevalent in the US and in other Western economies, such practice is contributory to asset bubbles because it results in the misallocati on of scarce financial resources better invested elsewhere. Good examples are the Korean chaebols and the Japanese zaibatsu which are the equivalents of classic American business conglomerates. The bottom line is that cheap funds channelled to the conglomerates cause them to drive up the prices of their

The Crucible by Arthur Miller Essay Example for Free

The Crucible by Arthur Miller Essay Arthur Miller wrote a play called The Crucible in the early 50s. Even though the text in the play tells the story of some of The Salem Witch Trials, there is evidence which shows that Miller clearly connects his own communist trial by McCarthy to the outrageous trials of the witches. Due to this disgraceful act towards him from the powers within society, Miller decided to write a play to show his own perspective of 1950s society to the people of America. The setting of Act 3 can be interpreted as an attack on the severity of the authorities in Salem and 1950s America. Firstly, at the beginning of Act Three, the stage direction says two high windows. This stage direction is really used just for directors to have a good impression of what the stage should look like from Millers point of view. However, if you examine the whole stage directions carefully, it says that besides the sunlight, the whole room is dark and that the trials are being held in that room. This symbolises that the authorities of Salem are unjust because they believe that what they is doing is holy and just; but they are secretly hiding away from God. The darkness symbolised by the dark room and the light given off by the window, shows that God is present and that they cannot hide from him. The windows being high suggests that God and justice are very hard to reach. This shows that for authority in society to truly reach the holy and just state of existence that they desire, they still have a long way to go. This relates to Millers experience because he was trying to say that America in 1950s was just as corrupt as the witch trials in 1692, therefore saying that since 1692 until 1950 society hasnt moved on to be more fair or more just. Millers attack suggests that there is still a long way to go until society can be truly called fair. Secondly, the way Miller has set out some of the characters such as their language or their tone of voice is also an attack on society. I think this is due to the impressions given off by the characters that most people would usually interpret them as being good people, but Miller shows that they are not. One example is Judge Hathorne. On page sixty-seven he asks Martha how she knows that she is not a witch , this shows that he is trying to trick her in saying the things he wants her to. This shows us that for Hathorne to get what he wants he has to stoop down to a level of trickery, which is very low for a person of his status. This symbolises the fact that the authority are being hypocritical because they do what they are trying to rid society from doing sinful deeds. This point connects with the McCarthy trials of Miller because Judge McCarthy also had to stoop so low, by using threats. Miller had the choice of either naming names or get ruined. Thirdly, I believe that the way some of the people dress also shows how Miller attacks society. This is because Miller wanted us to know how power can corrupt us so he indicated all the sinful people by the clothes they wore and also their clothes showed us how much power they had. One example is again Judge Hathorne. I say this because in the courtroom Hathorne acts as he please due to his awareness that nobody in the court could overthrow him. Miller uses this to try and show the audience how power can cause people to act and abuse it, and even more so if it is supported by everyone in society agreeing with everything Hathorne had to say. Thus showing us that power can be used inefficiently if given to the wrong people. This is a link to Arthur Millers personal experience in the McCarthy trial because he believed that Judge McCarthy let his power get in the way of fairness and justice. The people of America supported McCarthy just like the people of Salem. In the play Miller exposes societys role in helping to condemn people by showing Parris supporting Hathorne. Miller shows that this fed Hathornes ego even more, and therefore Miller seemed to believe that McCarthy was an incompetent person because he abused his power just like Judge Hathorne. This is an attack on society because Miller is saying that society should be even more careful about giving so much power to someone who didnt deserve it. Also he encourages society to consider what they were doing before giving support to someone unworthy and boosting their ego. This courtroom scene presents innocent characters risking their lives in order to tell the truth seems to be an attack on the injustice of Salem as well as of 1950s America. We know this because there is much evidence in this scene to back the point up. One piece of evidence is the statement made by Hale on page seventy-eight where he says there is a prestigious fear in the court. This shows that Hale can see that some injustice is going on and is scared of it. Then when Hale tells Danforth that he is afraid, Danforth replies that there is a prestigious guilt instead and threatens him by asking him if he is afraid to be questioned. Later on Hathornes feeling of intimidation grows so that he becomes angry. This shows injustice and is linked back to my point at the beginning of the paragraph, because all Hale was doing was telling him what he thought was the truth. Danforth seemed like he was being pressurised so he had to use his power to intimidate and threaten Hale so that he could feel safe. This could be associated with Millers own experience because when authority in society in America in the 1950s felt threatened they had to use their influence and power to threaten and intimidate people. Just like when Miller was threatened and risked being ruined just for believing in something. Even though Miller could probably not harm anybody by himself, this is just like the threat Reverend Hale risked of being hanged just for exposing the fact that the court was an unjust one.

The Beatles :: Essay on The Beatles

The Beatles The Beatles were a British music group whose songs are among the most universally accepted music recordings of the 20th century. The Beatles, who revolutionized popular music around the world, were at the forefront of a movement in rock music known as the British Invasion. The British Invasion was a name referring to the tremendous effect that British rock-and-roll bands had in the United States during the 1960's. From 1960 to 1970, the Beatles achieved unique popularity with 30 songs reaching the Billboard magazine top-ten popular music charts. The Beatles were adored by the world in the 60's and 70's, and even today their music is loved by millions. The group was formed in the 1960, and broke up in 1970. It consisted of four Liverpool-born musicians. They were John Winston Lennon, James Paul McCartney, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr (real name Richard Starkey). Ringo Starr replaced Pete Best as drummer. Pete Best was an original member of the group. The Beatles created a unique and varied sound that fans continue to enjoy and bands continue to model, even today. One of their greatest albums was the creative Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band. This particular album was admired for it's harmony and lyrics, the added use of electronic music techniques, and the addition of the Indian sitar sound. Though the songs were inspired by simple, everyday things, the album was acclaimed as the pinnacle of rock-and-roll's new elegance. The album's finale, John Lennon's, "A Day in the Life", is the album's most disputed track and its most musically ambitious. The British Broadcasting Corporation actually banned this song, because it supposedly had references to drugs. The Beatles were unafraid to challenge the world with their new music, and changed rock-and-roll from what is was, into what it is today. After 10 years of being together, in 1970, the Beatles broke up. Personally, I believe it is because Paul McCartney was pushing each member of the group too far. He, being a perfectionist, kept trying to be the leader, and telling them how to play. McCartney realized that each member was getting tired of the band, and becoming preoccupied with their own lives. He tried to bring the magic back, and the other members thought he was being too bossy. John Lennon, who was involved with a Japanese artist at the time, walked into the studio one day and told everyone he wanted a "divorce", meaning he wanted out of the band.

‘I shall obey, my lord’ Essay

‘Where be his quiddities now, his qualities, his cases, his tenures, and his tricks? †¦ †¦ Is this the fine of his fines and the recovery of his recoveries, to have his fine plate full of fine dirt? Will his vouchers vouch him no more of his purchases, and double ones too, than the length and breadth a pair of indentures? The very con- veyances of his lands scarcely lie in this box, and must th’inheritor himself have no more, ha? ‘ (Act:V Scene:i Lines:97-98,103-110) This particular scene would have provokes fierce controversy among the Elizabethan audience because it challenged the fundamental aspects of Christianity. Hamlet claims that no matter how fastidious and kind a person you are during your time on earth God can not shield you from all the evil in the world. Hamlet may have been written by Shakespeare as a controversial this is probably unlikely as in the period he lived in he would have been severely punished by the government if his play had been deemed to be an attack upon the religion of the day. In terms of making the play seem rotten and disorderly, poison and disease played an important role in the play. Old Hamlet’s cause of death of course, was poison that was poured into his ear by his brother. ‘Thus was I, sleeping, by a brother’s hand of life, of crown, of queen at once dispatch’d, Cut off even in the blossoms of my sin,’ (Act:I Scene: v Line:74-76) Claudius had managed to get rid of allot of his problems but such behaviour would have been considered blasphemous by an Elizabethan audience for a man to kill his brother and lust after his sister-in-law. The religious beliefs of the audience would have made them hate the character of Claudius and consider him an evil villain. To an Elizabethan audience women would have been considered the misfortune of all the male characters, which caused many conflicts within the play. If Claudius had not lusted after Gertrude there would have been one less reason for old Hamlet to die. Ophelia was Hamlet’s love but was unable to stay faithful to it but instead chose to fulfil her duties to her father. She told all her secrets regarding Hamlet to her father. To an Elizabethan audience it would seem that Polonius has Ophelia under his control ‘I would not, in plain terms, from this time forth Have you so slander any moment leisure As to give words or talk with the Lord Hamlet. Look to’t, I charge you. Come your ways. ‘ He commands and she obeys. ‘I shall obey, my lord’ (Act:I Scene: iv Lines: 132-136) He commands her to keep Hamlet at a distance and Ophelia trying to be the good Elizabethan daughter does as he commands. But in doing so she looses Hamlet’s trust and his love for her. This results in a love hate relationship which drives Ophelia to commit suicide and her brother being faced with some unfortunate circumstances which leads to him killing Hamlet. Alongside Hamlet’s very eccentric relationship with Ophelia, it is also argued by a modern audience that Hamlet may have had an Oedipus complex. Oedipus was a man in ancient mythology who was cursed to kill his father and marry his mother. Shakespeare knew that most of the people of the time would have known about the story and so added an extra twist to his play. The story he told was a familiar one at the time. All Shakespeare had done was adapt an old fashioned folk story and re-constructed it to feed a common interest among his Elizabethan audience. A modern day audience would have a completely different response to the play having been a part of a modern audience it was a general feeling among the audience that many lives, including Hamlet’s own could have been saved if he had just killed his uncle earlier. A modern audience has been hardened by a lack of religion and constant exposure to scenes of death. A modern audience has more scientific and factual knowledge about their surroundings. Seeing how when a modern day person needs a question answered he/she looks for a reason or deeper understanding to resolve the issue instead of religion hence religion is not really practised as much in modern society. Hamlet’s hesitance to kill his uncle would not have been met with sympathy by a modern audience. To a modern audience Claudius is considered a villain and it really is not of any concern how a villain died. A modern audience would believe that Hamlet should have made the best of his chance to kill Claudius. A modern audience would care less about Hamlet’s reasoning for not killing Claudius because it had much to do with Claudius’s after life as a modern audience has little belief in that we would find it hard to understand the delay Claudius’s death. ‘A villain kills my father, and for that I, his sole son, do this same villain send To heaven. Why, this is hire and salary, not revenge. ‘ (Act:III Scene: iii Lines: 76-79) A modern audience would rather have Hamlet kill Claudius quickly and not dwell on the matter for days on end, it is moral for Claudius to die because the audience knows it is a just act of revenge and the only way for old Hamlet to go to heaven. So when a modern audience looks at Hamlet they see the negative effects of his hesitation. The political themes high-lighted in the play would not have a downbeat impact on a modern audience because we live a democratic society with law and order orchestrated by diplomatic governments and there is democratic control on the way of life and how people conduct them s elves. The exploitation and suffering of women in the play is one of the few things that would disturb a modern audience. The fact that women are treated as property raises concern about the ill treatment of women at the time Hamlet was written. Ophelia is suppressed by her father and brother and Gertrude is stuck between supporting her son or husband. A modern audience to Hamlet will have little idea of the controversy that raged in the Elizabethan period, this is mainly due to the lack of religious zeal among modern society although it is quite interesting to see how important a responsibility religion had in the play, however to the Elizabethan audience the play would have taken on a different and deeper meaning as the repeated religious references would have struck a deep chord in the audience of the day. Consequently it is observable that an Elizabethan audience would have a completely different response to Hamlet than that of a modern audience for the above reasons.

Adrienne Rich on Power in Society

Adrienne Rich on power in society Introduction The theme that interested me most in the poems by Adrienne Rich was the inadequacy of language as a means of communication. Rich shows that the reason for this lies in the way language expresses power relationships in society. Often this means the unequal relationship between women and men, but also between the powerful and the powerless. This theme is touched upon in almost every poem we studied, from Rich’s early poems to those written later. To illustrate how Rich explores this theme I will look in detail at â€Å"Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers†, â€Å"The Uncle Speaks in the Drawing Room†, â€Å"Our Whole Life†.Paragraph 1 In â€Å"Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers†, Rich creates a fantastic image of the aunt’s nonverbal communication through her tapestry. The poem opens with a vivid picture of the colourful, energetic alive world depicted on the tapestry. The aunt infuses the world of the tigers with many of the attributes she misses in her own life: a sense of being truly alive and in tune with the environment, and a state of fearlessness: â€Å"They do not fear the men beneath the tree/ They pace in sleek chivalric certainty. The ee- sound in these lines introduces a note of terror that heralds what is to come. Indeed the phrasing suggests a reason for fear from men. The feelings that the aunt is projecting into her artwork, her own fears and desires are developed in the middle stanza. Her shaking, fearful hands â€Å"fingers fluttering† are very vivid and the fact that they find the â€Å"needle hard to pull† suggests physical weakness and contrasts very much with the tigers. Paragraph 2 The reason for this weakness is â€Å"Uncle’s wedding band/ Sits heavily† on her â€Å"hand†.The possessive â€Å"Uncle’s† suggests that this is a one-way marriage that drains all life out of the aunt. Her hands come to represent her pers on in this poem and it is the hands that do the ‘talking’. The Uncle’s power over her seems to continue in death â€Å"When Aunt is dead, her terrified hands will lie/ Still ringed with the ordeals she was mastered by. † However, her unspoken, yet very articulate legacy remains: â€Å"The tigers in the panel that she made/ Will go on prancing, proud and unafraid. The tigers represent happiness, confidence and thereby beauty. Interestingly, this image of self-determination and sense of entitlement to the world is projected into the jungle, i. e. outside of society. This is where freedom exists and Aunt’s art gives expression to this. Paragraph 3 In contrast to Aunt Jennifer’s indirect communication, â€Å"The Uncle Speaks in the Drawing Room† is the dramatic monologue of a wealthy, powerful man. He speaks as a representative of the ruling class looking out at a group of discontent working people.These people have neither wealth nor pow er. They have gathered outside his big house to express their anger at this inequality. The uncle’s attempt to convey confidence and reassurance to his family is undermined by the images of anger outside. The poem’s sound expresses this threat. O- sounds and S-sounds dominate: â€Å"Standing sullen in the square [†¦] Some have held and fingered stones. † As the poem develops, the Uncle’s own fear becomes clear. The image of â€Å"glass† echoes and comes to symbolise â€Å"class†.He admits that the â€Å"frailties of glass [†¦] Lead in times like these to fear/ For crystal vase and chandelier. † Even his reassurance â€Å"None as yet dare lift an arm† achieves the opposite – the suggestion of an uncertain future, â€Å"arm† in fact has two meanings in this context! Paragraph 4 In fact the two most vivid images in the poem are the angry crowd outdoors on the one hand and the terrified forefather (indoors à ¢â‚¬â€œ like this family) on the other: â€Å"When our grandsire stood aghast/ To see his antique ruby bowl/ Shivered in a thunder-roll. Despite his attempts to reassure, the Uncle admits to deep unease at the end of the poem regarding the precarious position of his class as â€Å"We stand between the dead glass-blowers/ And murmurings of missile-throwers. † In terms of the theme of language, the Uncle uses it to express his position as a powerful wealthy man. Although his fears still become clear, it is still a useful tool for him. The workers outside do not have a voice, their language is not verbal: â€Å"sullen stares†, â€Å"bitter tones† and holding â€Å"stones†. There is no common language between the powerful and the powerless.Paragraph 5 â€Å"Our Whole Life† was written later. There is a stark change in terms of form to the previous two poems. It is written in free verse and uses no punctuation whatever. This in itself indicates Richâ⠂¬â„¢s thinking about language and the ability to express truth. Here, she strips it of its traditional appearance. In terms of theme, â€Å"Our Whole Life† explores the shocking gulf between the powerful and the powerless at a new level. Language has failed the powerless completely. Language is used to manipulate people’s thoughts about the world, â€Å"rendered into the oppressor’s language†.In an incredibly vivid image Rich depicts language as a violent and self-destructive wild animal: â€Å"and now a knot of lies/ eating at itself to get undone/ Words bitten thru words†. The biting and eating is enacted in the abbreviated spelling â€Å"thru†. People’s actual lives and experience cannot be told: â€Å"meanings burnt-off like paint/ under the blowtorch/ All those dead letters/ rendered into the oppressor’s language†. Paragraph 6 This poem places one shocking image after the other and language has become an instrument in a very violent world.The vision goes much further than in â€Å"The Uncle Speaks†, it encompasses the whole world and is in essence apocalyptic. The image of the burning Algerian walking away from his village to a doctor with no words to describe is pain is haunting: â€Å"his whole body a cloud of pain/ and there are no words for this/ except himself†. The absence of punctuation and in particular of a concluding full stop suggests the ongoing nature of the problem. Language has completely and disastrously failed its purpose as a means of communication between humans.In conclusion, Rich has opened up for me a way of looking at language that in some ways coincides with my own thinking and experience. However, she takes it unflinchingly and with amazing honesty and courage to a final analysis. She creates in her poetry unforgettable images for how women and all the powerless have been deprived of a means of expressing themselves. Language is an instrument of the powe rful. Although Rich’s poetry is a reflection of radical feminism and political struggle in the USA during the 6os and 70s I feel that what if conveys is as true now as it was then. Adrienne Rich on Power in Society Adrienne Rich on power in society Introduction The theme that interested me most in the poems by Adrienne Rich was the inadequacy of language as a means of communication. Rich shows that the reason for this lies in the way language expresses power relationships in society. Often this means the unequal relationship between women and men, but also between the powerful and the powerless. This theme is touched upon in almost every poem we studied, from Rich’s early poems to those written later. To illustrate how Rich explores this theme I will look in detail at â€Å"Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers†, â€Å"The Uncle Speaks in the Drawing Room†, â€Å"Our Whole Life†.Paragraph 1 In â€Å"Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers†, Rich creates a fantastic image of the aunt’s nonverbal communication through her tapestry. The poem opens with a vivid picture of the colourful, energetic alive world depicted on the tapestry. The aunt infuses the world of the tigers with many of the attributes she misses in her own life: a sense of being truly alive and in tune with the environment, and a state of fearlessness: â€Å"They do not fear the men beneath the tree/ They pace in sleek chivalric certainty. The ee- sound in these lines introduces a note of terror that heralds what is to come. Indeed the phrasing suggests a reason for fear from men. The feelings that the aunt is projecting into her artwork, her own fears and desires are developed in the middle stanza. Her shaking, fearful hands â€Å"fingers fluttering† are very vivid and the fact that they find the â€Å"needle hard to pull† suggests physical weakness and contrasts very much with the tigers. Paragraph 2 The reason for this weakness is â€Å"Uncle’s wedding band/ Sits heavily† on her â€Å"hand†.The possessive â€Å"Uncle’s† suggests that this is a one-way marriage that drains all life out of the aunt. Her hands come to represent her pers on in this poem and it is the hands that do the ‘talking’. The Uncle’s power over her seems to continue in death â€Å"When Aunt is dead, her terrified hands will lie/ Still ringed with the ordeals she was mastered by. † However, her unspoken, yet very articulate legacy remains: â€Å"The tigers in the panel that she made/ Will go on prancing, proud and unafraid. The tigers represent happiness, confidence and thereby beauty. Interestingly, this image of self-determination and sense of entitlement to the world is projected into the jungle, i. e. outside of society. This is where freedom exists and Aunt’s art gives expression to this. Paragraph 3 In contrast to Aunt Jennifer’s indirect communication, â€Å"The Uncle Speaks in the Drawing Room† is the dramatic monologue of a wealthy, powerful man. He speaks as a representative of the ruling class looking out at a group of discontent working people.These people have neither wealth nor pow er. They have gathered outside his big house to express their anger at this inequality. The uncle’s attempt to convey confidence and reassurance to his family is undermined by the images of anger outside. The poem’s sound expresses this threat. O- sounds and S-sounds dominate: â€Å"Standing sullen in the square [†¦] Some have held and fingered stones. † As the poem develops, the Uncle’s own fear becomes clear. The image of â€Å"glass† echoes and comes to symbolise â€Å"class†.He admits that the â€Å"frailties of glass [†¦] Lead in times like these to fear/ For crystal vase and chandelier. † Even his reassurance â€Å"None as yet dare lift an arm† achieves the opposite – the suggestion of an uncertain future, â€Å"arm† in fact has two meanings in this context! Paragraph 4 In fact the two most vivid images in the poem are the angry crowd outdoors on the one hand and the terrified forefather (indoors à ¢â‚¬â€œ like this family) on the other: â€Å"When our grandsire stood aghast/ To see his antique ruby bowl/ Shivered in a thunder-roll. Despite his attempts to reassure, the Uncle admits to deep unease at the end of the poem regarding the precarious position of his class as â€Å"We stand between the dead glass-blowers/ And murmurings of missile-throwers. † In terms of the theme of language, the Uncle uses it to express his position as a powerful wealthy man. Although his fears still become clear, it is still a useful tool for him. The workers outside do not have a voice, their language is not verbal: â€Å"sullen stares†, â€Å"bitter tones† and holding â€Å"stones†. There is no common language between the powerful and the powerless.Paragraph 5 â€Å"Our Whole Life† was written later. There is a stark change in terms of form to the previous two poems. It is written in free verse and uses no punctuation whatever. This in itself indicates Richâ⠂¬â„¢s thinking about language and the ability to express truth. Here, she strips it of its traditional appearance. In terms of theme, â€Å"Our Whole Life† explores the shocking gulf between the powerful and the powerless at a new level. Language has failed the powerless completely. Language is used to manipulate people’s thoughts about the world, â€Å"rendered into the oppressor’s language†.In an incredibly vivid image Rich depicts language as a violent and self-destructive wild animal: â€Å"and now a knot of lies/ eating at itself to get undone/ Words bitten thru words†. The biting and eating is enacted in the abbreviated spelling â€Å"thru†. People’s actual lives and experience cannot be told: â€Å"meanings burnt-off like paint/ under the blowtorch/ All those dead letters/ rendered into the oppressor’s language†. Paragraph 6 This poem places one shocking image after the other and language has become an instrument in a very violent world.The vision goes much further than in â€Å"The Uncle Speaks†, it encompasses the whole world and is in essence apocalyptic. The image of the burning Algerian walking away from his village to a doctor with no words to describe is pain is haunting: â€Å"his whole body a cloud of pain/ and there are no words for this/ except himself†. The absence of punctuation and in particular of a concluding full stop suggests the ongoing nature of the problem. Language has completely and disastrously failed its purpose as a means of communication between humans.In conclusion, Rich has opened up for me a way of looking at language that in some ways coincides with my own thinking and experience. However, she takes it unflinchingly and with amazing honesty and courage to a final analysis. She creates in her poetry unforgettable images for how women and all the powerless have been deprived of a means of expressing themselves. Language is an instrument of the powe rful. Although Rich’s poetry is a reflection of radical feminism and political struggle in the USA during the 6os and 70s I feel that what if conveys is as true now as it was then.

The Truth About America Professor Ramos Blog

The Truth About America This is America a phrase often use to describe negative feelings depicted upon ordinary situations or to illustrate the chaos from the divided nation we currently live in. Childish Gambino released the â€Å"This is America† music video on May 5th, 2018 that sparked controversy and shock of reality for viewers. Lyrics alone will not fully illustrate Gambino’s impacted message to viewers; the video evokes sympathy and awareness of how vulnerable Americans are to joy and destruction alike. Childish Gambino utilizes his fame to create an erratic performance to demonstrate how Americans are blinded to the despicable truth of America. The music video outlines the themes of the power of pop culture and gun control through tactics and references to traumatic events to strike an emotional response from viewers. In the opening of the music video, Gambino presents a juxtaposition between sweet melodies and gun violence; a man is in a chair playing a guitar of African melodies while Gambino switches between religious dances. The first turning point of the video begins when Gambino shoots the same man, who is now tied up, in the back of the head. When the lyrics stated â€Å"dance and shake the frame†, the tone is now shifted to a dark and aggressive tone as Gambino begins to alter his facial expressions and dance moves after leaving the scene. Dance moves are influenced by African American religious dances, distracting viewers from the chaos that begins to emerge in the background. (Berman). Another reference to gun violence is portrayed by the choir singing melodies just before Gambino grabs a shotgun and murder s them all; the scene alludes to the recent mass shooting in Charleston, where nine African Americans were killed during a service in church. Once again, Gambino is able to walk freely from the scene to continue his dancing and shifting facial expressions. The power of pop culture is revealed in both scenes when Gambino shifts the viewers’ attention away from the chaos in the background with him dancing with school children to portray a mockery of media and illustrate them as uncaring. Scenes may be pertained as uncomfortable in order to express Gambino’s message upon America’s current situation with gun violence. Two powerful scenes allude to history and religion to be presented as logic to enhance a much more powerful performance by Gambino. In the first scene were Gambino shoots the innocent man, the stance chosen by Gambino while holding the gun embodies an eerie resemblance to the famous caricature, Jim Crow (Gajanan). The Jim Crow character was created by Thomas Dartmouth Rice, as a mockery and degradation of African Americans (Pilgrim). It was based upon slave stereotypes as a public theater show that become popular and adopted as a term for segregation. The reference may also suggest America is going in reverse and repeating the unfair treatment similar to the past. In middle of the video, a dark dressed man is riding upon a bright white horse from one end to another. The reference is to a biblical verse of the apocalypse stating â€Å" and behind a pale horse; and his name that sat on him was Death, and Hell followed with him†(Ferber). The hell being the chaos and destruction h appening in our everyday surroundings from the actions of politics or racism. Gambino wanted to provide a godly symbol to strengthen his message of an urge for a fixture in America. Each symbol cuts deeply to beliefs as background information to exploit that America has not made effort to become a more positive environment. Gambino carefully chosen every item to represent bias and assumptions among different viewpoints of Americans. Gambino strictly wore only gold chains, pants and shoes for the video with no change whatsoever. The gold chains represent Americans in the consumerist culture they currently live in today (Ferber). Today’s society relies heavily on materialistic items to represent ourselves as a whole. The one article of clothing Gambino chose to wear oddly embodies Confederate soldiers’ pants (Berman). In   1865, Confederate soldiers were in war to stop the enslavement of African Americans but ultimately lost. The pants represent recent controversial actions of Americans’ claims of traces of slavery as well as the removal of historical monuments. Between each shooting contained similarities to represent the assumptions of Republicans’ point of view on gun control. After Gambino used the weapon, each time the gun was obtained with red cloth, red for Republican Party, in a gentle manner to present guns as more valuable than the lives lost. The issue remains today as gun control is still protested against while more mass shootings continue to occur. All factors of the objects illustrate the society that is lived in today. The lyrics further emphasize the mockery and stereotypes of how individuals react when chaos or madness erupts across America. Gambino calls out the children witnessing the destruction by singing, â€Å"that’s a celly, that’s a tool†. The statement was made to point out the frequent nature of individuals filming every injustice rather than call for help. Cell Phones are the â€Å"tools† to provide evidence on any mishap occurring in the world. The song states â€Å"So fitted, I’m on gucci, I’m so pretty† to illustrate how individuals are drawn to expensive goods as a way to define our beauty. It is an commodification on pop culture and African American culture of their stereotypes (Ferber). The last scenes of the video allows viewers to witness Gambino using marijuana; first it is a peaceful atmosphere around old cars while the melody sings â€Å"Get yo money, black man!†. The lyrics indicate another stereotype on black man cult ure with the involvement of drugs as their only way of personal income. The scene also depicts what is the common felony committed by black men rather than murder. The video begins in end with fear and terror as Gambino runs away from what appears as a group of caucasians. The lyrics narrate the stereotypical images depicted upon Black men with â€Å"You just a black man in this world, you just a barcode†. The theme running through the ending is the run from innocence, for marijuana use was deemed heavy enough to convict Gambino, despite his murders. Each scene provokes stereotypes as well as fear for the consequences of Gambino’s actions depicted in the video. America is in a period of time of disconnect, as the nation is divided for the first time in decades. Gambino desired to present modern day political issues to establish the reality that America needs help to be fixed together to bring peace; instead, Gambino pointed out the flaws of the   nation’s currently corrupted system. With the factors of ethos, logos, symbols and lyrics, Gambino was able to project a powerful message in the matter of four minutes, long enough to shock the world and question the reality of important political issues. Annotated Bibliography: Berman, Judy. â€Å"This Is America: 8 Things to Read About Childish Gambinos New Music Video.† The New York Times, The New York Times, 8 May 2018, www.nytimes.com/2018/05/08/arts/music/childish-gambino-this-is-america-roundup.html. The article is about the microscopic analysis of the Childish Gambino’s music video â€Å"This Is America†. It provides a closer look at symbols overlooked or not fully understood to represent the chaos occurring in America right now.   The New York Times published this with multiple references to establish credibility. I will use the article point out ethos, logos, and pathos appeals used for the music video. Cornish, Audie, and Monika Evstatieva. â€Å"Donald Glovers This Is America Holds Ugly Truths To Be Self-Evident.† NPR, National Public Radio, 7 May 2018, www.npr.org/2018/05/07/609150167/donald-glovers-this-is-america-holds-ugly-truths-to-be-self-evident. The article establishes are current situation in the divided nation we call America. Present issues such as gun control and references to mass shootings help Gambino develop as richer message to present the â€Å"ugly truth† about America. National Public Radio is more of an expertise in terms of the music industries.   I will use the article point out ethos, logos, and pathos appeals used for the music video. Ferber, Taylor. â€Å"11 Hidden Details In ‘This Is America’ That Fans On Twitter Cant Stop Talking About.† Bustle, Bustle, 8 May 2018, www.bustle.com/p/11-hidden-details-in-this-is-america-that-fans-on-twitter-cant-stop-talking-about-9010002. The article establishes the pathos appeal demonstrated in the music video to attract viewers to repeatedly watch the music video in order to interpret the main message. Hidden symbols are exposed throughout the music video, creating a deeper meaning behind it rather than a simple song. Bustle used references to credit the symbols used throughout the video. The article will help establish my logos appeal. Gajanan, Mahita. â€Å"Childish Gambinos This Is America: Breaking Down Symbols.† Time, Time, 7 May 2018, time.com/5267890/childish-gambino-this-is-america-meaning/. The article digs into the central message about the gun and violence issue that is growing in America. The article establishes that every scene and objects used in the music video are all significant to developing Gambino’s message. Time magazine has had experts construct each component to further explain the meaning behind every symbol used in the video. I will use the article to establish the three appeals as well as tie it back to modern day issues. Johnson, Tre. â€Å"Donald Glovers This Is America Is a Nightmare We Cant Look Away From.† Rolling Stone, Rolling Stone, 8 May 2018, www.rollingstone.com/donald-glover-childish-gambino-this-is-america-video-visual-w519895. The article establishes that Gambino’s music video is suppose to raise our attention to the fact that modern day in America is being depicted in the video. From references to mass shootings to marijuana control, shows behind ideals that America stands on today. Rolling Stone is a magazine that examines closely into pop culture overall. I will use the article to establish ties to modern day issues and why Gambino presented this powerful music video. Pilgrim, David. â€Å"Who Was Jim Crow?† Are Negros Closer to Apes Than to Humans? Letters to the Jim Crow Museum Jim Crow Museum Ferris State University, Ferris State University, Sept. 2012, ferris.edu/news/jimcrow/who/. The article highlights historical times of African American past of segregation and belittlement. It establishes background and context behind the figurative and literal meaning behind the title of â€Å"Jim Crow†. The publisher is a state university that has references from historians that depict the important evidence from the past to support the statement. I plan to use the article to provide a deeper meaning behind one of the symbols used in the music video.

Determining Your Level of Fitness Essay Example

Determining Your Level of Fitness Essay Example Determining Your Level of Fitness Essay Determining Your Level of Fitness Essay First of all, determining your level of fitness will help you determine the best exercise program for you. It is nota good idea to Just Jump on a treadmill and run for 1 hour non-stop. Pushing yourself too hard from the very beginning can cause you to give up (out of exhaustion and pain) and, even worse, can cause you to infure yourself. Second, it helps you see your progress! Just like weighing before you start a diet, keeping track of your level of fitness will help you see progress as you go along. Even f its small, seeing any bit of progress will help keep you positive and on the diet and exercise program instead of giving up. Its all about personal safety. When I started working out in high school there were students who could run for hours on the treadmills and not even break a sweat. Meanwhile after 30 minutes on an elliptical I had successfully wrecked my legs and couldnt walk without pain for weeks. If you are overweight or have not worked out in a while it is a great idea to build up slowly. Make sure you stretch before you work out to avoid hurting yourself, drink a lot of water and do not overdue it. If you have difficulty breathing stop immediately. Checking in with a doctor or professional trainer before you start a fitness program in generally a good idea too. Your muscles will get stronger and stronger and you will be able to do more so you must be patient. There are many websites were you can learn some good stretches and if you Join a gym or YMCA they can help you start! Good luck!

How to Describe Gibberish

How to Describe Gibberish How to Describe Gibberish How to Describe Gibberish By Maeve Maddox The recent post on greeking prompted a reader to remark: And, of course, theres Double Dutch. Where did that come from? Double Dutch is another expression meaning â€Å"incomprehensible speech.† The â€Å"Dutch† refers to the idea that a foreign language is incomprehensible to one who hasn’t learned it. The â€Å"double† is an intensifier. â€Å"Double Dutch† is a language twice as difficult to understand as â€Å"plain ‘Dutch’†. Here are some more nouns to express the idea of unintelligible vocalization that is either entirely unintelligible, or which may be understandable on some level, but makes no sense, or is inconsequential. babble: probably an imitative word suggesting baby talk. I used to think it came from the story of the Tower of Babel, but apparently no etymological connection can be traced. The meaning â€Å"to repeat oneself incoherently† is known from about 1418. balderdash: originally referred to a jumbled mix of liquors, for example milk and beer or beer and wine. In 1674 it meant â€Å"senseless jumble of words.† baloney: originated as American slang word meaning â€Å"nonsense.† Could be from bologna, but could also have derived from blarney. bilge: â€Å"stupid talk or writing† The bilge is the â€Å"lowest internal part of a ship.† A lot of nasty stuff accumulates there. blather: â€Å"nonsensical talk† May have come into English via Scots dialect from a Scandinavian word meaning â€Å"babble.† bull: Most of us probably think of â€Å"bull† as short for â€Å"bullshit,† but bull with the meaning â€Å"trivial or false statements,† has been around since Middle English. The ME word probably derived from French boul meaning â€Å"false talk, fraud.† It may be connected to modern Icelandic bull meaning â€Å"nonsense.† Bullshit is American slang dating from 1915 with the meaning â€Å"eloquent and insincere rhetoric.† bunk: another American slang word meaning â€Å"nonsense.† It originated in 1847 with a politician from North Carolina who explained that his boring speeches in Congress were intended to impress his constituents â€Å"back home in Buncombe.† The spelling quickly became bunkum and has dwindled into bunk. drivel: â€Å"stupid or senseless talk.† This one comes from OE dreflian, â€Å"to dribble or run at the nose.† eyewash: â€Å"blarney, humbug.† According to the OnlineEtymologyDictionary, this expression is chiefly British, is perhaps from the notion of something intended to obscure or conceal facts or true motives. But this, and expression my eye also may be the verbal equivalent of the wink that indicates one doesnt believe what has been said (cf. Fr. mon oeil in same sense, accompanied by a knowing pointing of a finger to the eye). gibberish: probably another imitative word suggesting the sound of chatter. Gibberish is totally unintelligible. gobbledygook: â€Å"unclear, wordy jargon.† This is another word we owe to the sphere of politics. In another post I mentioned the eponym â€Å"maverick† that comes from the surname of rancher Samuel Maverick (1803-1870). The word gobbledygook was coined in 1944 by one of his grandsons, Texas representative Maury Maverick. In a memo dated March 30, 1944, he banned the use of â€Å"gobbledygook language† and threatened to shoot anyone who used the words activation or implementation. He said he based the word on the sound a turkey makes. guff: â€Å"empty talk, nonsense.† This is another word of imitative origin, possibly based on puff. hogwash: â€Å"worthless, false or ridiculous speech or writing.† Originally hogwash was slops fed to pigs. Then it came to mean cheap liquor. The meaning â€Å"inferior writing† dates from 1773. jargon: The word entered English with the meaning â€Å"unintelligible talk, gibberish† in 1340. It derives from a French word meaning â€Å"a chattering of birds.† Now it can mean technical terminology associated with a specific occupation. Practitioners understand jargon, but to those not in the know, its gibberish. mumbo jumbo: â€Å"unintelligible or incomprehensible language.† The term is supposed to derive from an African idol in the Niger region, but no likely source has been found. The meaning â€Å"big, empty talk† is documented from 1896. piffle: â€Å"foolish or futile talk or ideas.† Probably an imitative word derived from a contemptuous blowing sound, or it could be a conflation of trifle and piddle. poppycock: â€Å"senseless talk, nonsense.† This one sounds comical, but if you think about it, it’s as disgusting as bilge: 1865, probably from Du. dialect pappekak, from M.Du. pappe soft dung (see pap) + kak dung, from L. cacare to excrete. OnlineEtymologyDictionary. prattle: â€Å"idle or meaningless chatter.† This is another imitative word. The verb is prate. tripe: â€Å"something of no value.† The literal meaning of tripe is the rubbery lining of the stomach of cattle or other ruminants, used as food. Answers.com twaddle: â€Å"silly talk.† The origin is unknown. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Writing Prompts 10145 Synonyms for â€Å"Old† and â€Å"Old-Fashioned†How Many Sentences in a Paragraph?

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 25

Leadership - Essay Example s of a transformational leader are not only directed at achieving the organizational objectives, but also at bringing a good transformation both in the system and everybody related to it. By doing so, a transformational leader brings a positive change in the followers (Cherry, 2011). Thus, in the followership of a transformational leader, followers learn a lot of things from him/her. The transformational leader is like a mobile school for the followers. A servant leader, on the other hand, displays a democratic style of leadership. He takes decisions with due involvement and consent of the followers. He/she is called as a servant leader fundamentally because of the fact that he/she serves the people more than directing them. Thus, the status of a leader as a sole decision maker is the strongest in the charismatic leadership style and the weakest in the servant leadership style. A transformational leader is in between the two. He may take decisions without external involvement but not without letting everybody involved in the system know and realize why a certain step is being

Resolving Conflicts in a Business Enterprise Essay

Resolving Conflicts in a Business Enterprise - Essay Example The paper will examine the prospective views on how to address the incident of hostility and how to resolve the conflict through the intervention of higher executives. A narrative report that would function similar to a deposition will then be generated to simulate the actual occurrence of the said incident. According to Bergman and Moore (2007), a deposition can normally consist of a lawyer or a self-representing individual that asks the deponent with questions. It may seem informal in its sense since it is conducted within the premises of the enterprise, such as conference rooms with the absence of a judge. However, the deposition should be considered with an equal amount of importance as a testimony in court since it shares several characteristics with it. It is through the nature of a deposition that lawyers, as well as individuals that prepare the letter give utmost care on how they write as it could result to a major impact when taken to court. Conversely, the deponent must als o be extra careful in attaining accurate deposition testimony as it may have great repercussion on the ruling of the case (Bergman and Moore, 2007). Enterprise policies should ensure that complaints of illegal or unethical conducts are investigated and addressed as quickly and as effectively as possible. In addition, â€Å"whistleblowers† should also be given protection against reprisals for the complaints that they make that are in good faith. The enterprise should also support and follow reporting conditions which are mandatory.

Media & Communications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Media & Communications - Essay Example The internet, satellites, optics and mobile technology are but ordinary elements of modern life (Willinsky, 1999). Communications and technology, taken separately, are both pervasive forces in society. They both influence each other but does either of them drive the other to the extent of defining its existence The theory of technological determinism states that technology is the major molding factor in how society progresses (Franklin, 1990). Technological determinism's central theme is that technology dictates how societies create themselves. It further suggests that the introduction of new technologies have a direct and permanent means of changing society (Craig, 2000). Marshall McLuhan is one of the proponents of the technological determinism theory. His work was inspired by Harold Innes and Lewis Mumford to study the effects of media on people and society. The first part of his theories tackles the uses of senses in the communication process. The second part of his theory involved the greater impact of the medium, which is greatly immersed with technological developments, versus the content of communication (Munday, 2002, para. 5, 6). The book "The Medium Is the Massage: An Inventory of Effects", states that, "Before the invention of the phonetic alphabet, man lived in a world where all the senses were balanced and simultaneous, a closed world of tribal depth and resonance." (McLuhan, and Fiore, 1967, p. 245). This suggests that because of developments in technology, specifically through print and the phonetic alphabet communication, that the immediate transmission of thought is compromised as well as the social interaction involved in speech communication (Munday, 2002, para. 7). The implication is that communication need not be a directly social process and can be achieved with a degree of isolation. Another implication that was suggested was that the visual superseded auditory awareness as the sense essential for communication. It was further suggested that developments such as that of the printing press and mass media will fuel these developments. He points out to an ominous scenario of diminishing sensory perceptions and increasing social isolation Implications of Technological Determinism to Communications One of the reasons why technological determinism and communications have been brought up together is primarily because it figured prominently in McLuhan's theorization. Since communication involves the exchange of information and ideas, the level of efficiency and effectivity of the communication progress is indicative of the degree of organization and management there is in the society. In the context of today's life, technology and communication are even more intertwined as shown by the development of electronic media and communications. Technological Determinism in Critique Raymond Williams, together with Eric Hobsbawm, and E. P. Thompson became the important intellectuals of the Western World from 1965 to 1985 (Cowling, 1990 para. 1-2). In the 70's and 80's, Williams spoke regarding feminism, Welsh nationalism, the environment and the imperialism in the Third World (para. 5). He gained prominence publishing his book in 1958 entitled "Culture and Society: 1780-1950". He was a popular and prolific writer in the 1960's and used literature and

Early Childhood Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Early Childhood Education - Essay Example This report stresses that money is available through local authorities to fund free early education especially for children in great social need. This is the same as the system used in Norway where grants from the state and local authorities are channeled through general-purpose grants scheme. Barnehager are funded by the state in conjunction with the local authorities and the parents. In Canada, funding for early childhood system covers only children in the kindergarten (5 year olds). Unlike other countries like Italy, Spain, Norway, Belgium, England, Scotland and so forth where 4 year olds are provided for. In England, Early years teaching qualifications are nationally recognized thereby providing career advancement. The Qualification and Curriculum Authority as well as the NSTO are charged with the responsibility of training and the responsibilities for training and qualifications for early years. This paper makes a conclusion that the development of the early childhood education in England has come a long way. Great progress has been achieved in terms of creating an affordable form of education and childcare to children and families. Much effort has gone into making these services accessible, and of high quality. Many years of dedication to research in this sector are now bearing fruit in terms of quality output. The state has responded positively and has provided resources and leadership in ensuring that the work started many years ago by men and women of vision benefits entire communities.

1) Women and the New Deal (2) Has New Labours child poverty strategy Essay

1) Women and the New Deal (2) Has New Labours child poverty strategy been a success - Essay Example When a society suffers from crisis, all the hell does not only loose break on men, but also on women. Initially this concept was quite common that men are the only earners of a family, but after the Second World War this idea is really changed. Humanitarian has tried hard to get full rights for women. The Equal Opportunities Commission once said â€Å"if we get it right for women, well get it right for everyone" (Houston, 2006). Since 1997, efforts have made important progress in undertaking poverty and unfairness and in breaking down the barriers that put off people from fulfilling their potential. Efforts have been made to tackle prejudice and exclusion in every segment of our society This issue of even-handedness to women on which the Fabians Society, the Parliamentary Labour Party, and so many of the people in this room have battled so effectively for years, new deal is the part of their efforts (Houston, 2006). New deal was introduced in Great Britain in 1998. The aim of the program is welfare of society. All of the policies mentioned are for welfare reform. Multiple programs have been introduced: new deal for young, 50+, unemployed musicians, 25+, lone parents and for disabled. The approximate probability changes were slightly higher for women being unemployed  ensuing in a joblessness reduction of around 10-11 thousand and six months after the pseudo New Deal entry date. Though, as for men this reduction fell with a longer follow up time, so that 12 months after the pseudo New Deal entry date, there were 8,000 fewer unwaged young women than if there had been no NDYP. At 18 months from the New Deal entry date there were 5,000 fewer unwaged young women than if NDYP had not been introduced (Wilkinson, 2003). It is much harder to measure succeeding redundancy for unemployment spells that occur normally at the end of the proceedings period. The results show that for men, there is a 0.06 increase in the probability of exiting

Early Childhood Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Early Childhood Education - Essay Example This report stresses that money is available through local authorities to fund free early education especially for children in great social need. This is the same as the system used in Norway where grants from the state and local authorities are channeled through general-purpose grants scheme. Barnehager are funded by the state in conjunction with the local authorities and the parents. In Canada, funding for early childhood system covers only children in the kindergarten (5 year olds). Unlike other countries like Italy, Spain, Norway, Belgium, England, Scotland and so forth where 4 year olds are provided for. In England, Early years teaching qualifications are nationally recognized thereby providing career advancement. The Qualification and Curriculum Authority as well as the NSTO are charged with the responsibility of training and the responsibilities for training and qualifications for early years. This paper makes a conclusion that the development of the early childhood education in England has come a long way. Great progress has been achieved in terms of creating an affordable form of education and childcare to children and families. Much effort has gone into making these services accessible, and of high quality. Many years of dedication to research in this sector are now bearing fruit in terms of quality output. The state has responded positively and has provided resources and leadership in ensuring that the work started many years ago by men and women of vision benefits entire communities.

Risk Management in supply chain management Essay

Risk Management in supply chain management - Essay Example Some of the salient features that define the organizational attributes in modern times are reduced inventories, effect supplies, staggeringly reduced cycle times, effective transportation mechanisms, further enhanced communication means both outside and inside the organization and factory. These all have been in practice in many organizations and are another name for successful supply chain management. Supply chain management is termed as chain and structure that defines all important elements of the process which contribute towards the output. In other words all the stake holders who have an impact in either way constitute a supply chain. It can be the transportation, can be the personnel, can be the policy, can be the objectives and can various other variables (Mentzer, 2011). The risks so faced can have various severe negative repercussions on the industry. It can lead to a financial loss, it can lead to mistrust, it can further lead to loss of contracts in severe cases, and most importantly could lead to losing the customers who are considered as the pivot towards the success or failure of any organization since their response and liking level of a certain industry can take any industry either way. Supply chain impacts rest of the industry activities in a direct manner. Supply chain risks identification and ultimately elimination and mitigation can result in better working environment, improved productivity, reduced un certainty, and various other factors that are non beneficial towards the organization. The entire risk phenomena can be split into four components which are: The Risk Sources: Supply Chain Itself: Risk mitigation Strategies: Adverse effects of Risks: Supply chain itself Risk Mitigation Strategies These are the four basic units which constitute a total discipline and each of these must be taken into consideration (Juttner, Peck, & Christopher, 2003). The relationship works in a dependent manner, the first is the source of risk, which falls und er the initial phase, and its identification is very vital. This is followed by its adverse affects, and underneath it is the supply chain itself that is faced by the challenges and risks. Finally, the most important factor is the constitution of risk mitigation strategies, which could be prior to the occurrence of event or post event, however risk mitigation strategies are more successful and of more impact if implemented prior to the occurrence. The strategies so made must be able to work in a preemptive manner and should work on the principle of prevention rather than correction. Risks could be either from internal sources, or the external sources, or the organization itself. The last couple of decades saw many events that made all the stakeholders realize that risk management in the field of supply chain has become inevitable and proper actions must be taken to minimize its impact. For this purpose, it has been largely implemented at various organizations of large, medium and sm all sizes, and more emphasis is being laid on its implementation at every level of industry. For this reason, a more systemic and structured approach is in practice internationally which ensures covering all the areas of that are necessary to be addressed. Level of

Aripita Avenue Essay Example for Free

Aripita Avenue Essay Description of the business The name of the business that i will be establishing is Jagroops doubles. The business will be located on the corner of Aripita Avenue and Rosalino Street. The business will be selling doubles and soft drinks, the consumer will be able to choose the type of sauce they want on their doubles for example mango sauce, shadow benni sauce, pepper sauce or cucumbers The business is going to be a sole trader, because I would like to own my own business, make all the decisions and most of all receive most of the profits The objectives of the business are to make profit, supply a good to the people and to provide employment. Justification of location The business will be located on Aripita Avenue because the road is well travelled on mornings and on weekends it is a popular liming area in addition doubles are very popular with people when they have finished liming. Parking is also readily available for people who want to come and purchase doubles. Selection of appropriate labour The business will have three persons working. Two people will be making the barra and channa and sauces while the third person will be handling the sales of the stand, while I prepare the doubles and pack them. The hours they will be expected to work will be from 3am to 9am from Monday to Friday and on Saturday from 10pm to 4am ( to facilitate the night life) The workers are skilled because doubles is a specialty food item and will need experienced workers who will know how to prepare it. Sources of fixed and working capital The fixed capital will be obtained from a loan from the bank, the business will borrow a sum of eighty thousand dollars ($80,000) for a period of five years and will have a monthly payment of nineteen hundred dollars ($1900). The fixed capital will be used for purchasing a stand which will be used to sell the doubles from, also a motor van will be purchased to transport the food and stand from the place that it will be made to the place that it will be sold. The working capital of the business will be made from the day to day sales and is comprised of stock, bank and cash. An example of the working capital will be the inventory of the business, the doubles, because they will need to sell goods in order to make money. Role of the entrepreneur The role of the entrepreneur is to provide the capital of the business. He will also have to be a good leader to the staff to ensure that they know what is to be expected from them. The entrepreneur will have to make sure that everyone in the business is doing their job properly and efficiently in order to maximise profits. Also he will be responsible for all the decisions that area to be made in the business. Three functions of the entrepreneur are: 1. The factors of production – the entrepreneur organises the factors of production and allocation of resources and uses them efficiently in the business. 2. Management – the entrepreneur is responsible for the management of the business, making sure that everything in the business will run smoothly. 3. Risk – the entrepreneur faces the risk of unlimited liability, meaning if the business was to fail he would be the one responsible for paying off the bank loans. Type of production This business will fall under the category of primary production because it will not require a lot of knowledge to produce this kind of food. The workers will require some knowledge to make the product but that will be minimal knowledge. Level of production For this business they will only be producing doubles to the local public of the country. The reason for this is because the food product will go bad within a matter of hours if not stored properly. The product doesn’t have a shelf life meaning it will go bad if it were to be placed in a grocery or super market. Quality control measure To ensure that the business will be selling the best product available the business will only be buying the best quality products available. Also we will not be producing the good with more than three hours in advance in order for the customer to get the freshest food possible. Use of technology The technology that the business will be using is a scale to measure the weght of the barra so that it will come out with a consistent weight and size. Also a van will also be used to transport all the equipment from the headquarters to the selling place. Linkages This business will only have backwards linkages, these linkages will be with the persons that they buy raw materials from for the business Potential for growth The potential for growth would be to open up a second stand in a different location, for example one on independence square in port of spain, to make more profits. And internal growth would be to start selling other products for example allo pies and fry bake. Government regulations The business will be required to register the name of the business with the Registrar of Companies. As well as having to get the appropriate food badges in order to sell the doubles, they may be more difficult than they would assume because this process could take a couple of months. They will have to comply with the health departments regulations such as washing hands before entering the work place and wearing gloves when serving the food. Ethical issues The ethical issues would be not using expired products and only using the freshest ingredients available to them. Table of contents 1. Description of the Business 2. Justification of location 3. Selection of appropriate labour 4. Sources of fixed and working capital 5. Role of the Entrepreneur 6. Type of Production 7. Level of Production 8. Quality Control Measures 9. Use of Technology 10. Linkages 11. Potential for growth 12. Government Regulations 13. Ethical Issues 14. Bibliography Bibliography 1. Notes from school 2. Essential Principles of business for cxc by Alan whitcomb and Sylbe Hamil

Carbon And Alloying Steel Applications Engineering Essay

Carbon And Alloying Steel Applications Engineering Essay Carbon steels are one of the main categories of steel. Steel is divided into groups since it is an iron (Fe) alloy and therefore it may contain numerous concentrations of alloying elements such as chromium, molybdenum, nickel, manganese. Yet, the mechanical properties of steel are affected according to the carbon percentage in the metal. Groover, 2010) (Callister Jr, 2007). Carbon steel is an iron-based, malleable metal, usually containing less than 1% carbon but in some cases may contain up to 2.03% C (plain carbon steels), along with small percentages of silica, sulphur, phosphorus and manganese. (Carbon steel, 1994-2011). The carbon quantity in carbon steel alters the strength and ductility of the metal. By increasing the carbon, hardness and strength are increased whilst reducing ductility. Yet by doing so, brittleness is increased and welding abilities are reduced due to its affinity to form martensite. This is a kind of tug of war between the properties of the metal. Carbon steels are divided according to the different amounts of carbon content i.e. mainly into three main classes; Mild low carbon steel ( 0.16% 0.29% C . Having microstructures of pealite and ferrite) This category is also known as mild steel. They are very common and are widely used since they are quite cheap, easy to form and to work with. Having low carbon content, they are ductile and malleable but have a low tensile strength and do not repond to heat treatments, which would form matensite. Their density is of 7.85g/cm^3 and youngs modulus of 210.000MPa. Surface treatment such as carburizing is performed when large amounts of steel requiring increased surface hardening. To further this strength, this steel is cold worked. Such applications identified as structural steel are used in buildings, where the right weldability, formability, combined with improved strength and resistance fracture, through surface treatment are required. (Types of Carbon steel ) http://www.construction53.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/steel.jpg Cross-sections of structural beams made of low carbon steels. Medium Carbon steels (0.3% 0.59% C. Microstructures of tempered martensite) Such steel, having a higher percentage carbon, increases hardness, brittleness and strength at the same time still being ductile, although this is slightly reduced with machinability. This range of carbon is achieved by austenitizing, quenching (i.e. rapid cooling from the outer surface to the inner) and tempering to create consistent tensile strength within the steel (referred to as Martensite) throughout the body. An application of medium carbon steel includes crankshafts since ductility allows it to retain the tensile strength required. Axle shafts and gearing plates are also made from medium-carbon steel (The uses for medium carbon steel, 1999-2012) (Tata steel Europe) http://www.gutenberg.org/files/38415/38415-h/images/fig_032.jpg http://traxxas.com/sites/default/files/gear.jpg Crankshaft side and an end view together with a gear which are made of medium carbon steel High carbon steel (0.6% 1.4% C) These are the hardest and strongest of carbon steels and therefore the least ductile. They are ideal for hardening and tempering condition and have good wear resistance. Hardness may be improved by further adding chromium, vanadium, tungsten, and molybdenum to carbon. An ideal application would be a sharp cutting tool such as scissors or a high strength spring which is required to withstand heavy loads. If welded, heat treatment is further required to keep the same mechanical properties. Higher percentage carbon in such steels may also be present in two other classes which are part of the high carbon steels; (Types of Carbon steel ) (Groover, 2010) http://www.parktool.com/uploads/thumbnails/uploads/products/a6945e129e29a7c9064c6136dbde619eb850b49b_800x700.jpg http://www.knifeworks.com/images/products/detail/TPDART002.1.jpg Higher carbon steels (03%- 1.7% C) Sulphur and manganese are also present to improve hardness which is ideal for cutting tools such as punches, milling machine cutters, industrial knives. Ultra high Carbon steels (1% 2% C) These large amounts of carbon are required for special cases, mainly non-industrial tools and are produced using powder metallurgy. These are at the limit of mild steel since above 2% carbon steel is said to be cast iron. (The uses for medium carbon steel, 1999-2012) (Callister Jr, 2007) http://web.tradekorea.com/upload_file2/sell/60/S00049660/Indexable_Drill.JPG Typical applications where such steels are utilised are drilling tools used for high speed drilling in substantial hard material. P7 One metal forming technique from the chosen industry; Since part of my previous assignment involved the automotive industry, I decided to further extend my knowledge on this subject and research on a very important forming technique, which is becoming even more used in this industry. The technique, I researched is the hydro-forming technique and the metals involved were steel and aluminium metals Nowadays vehicles are designed to operate as fuel efficient as possible yet without sacrificing on speed. These two factors though contradictory have something in common, weight reduction. To attain this, vehicles are continuously shredded from their weight and this is mainly done by using lighter metals and thin grade panels. However such metal forming becomes quite difficult due to formability and elongation problems. For this reason, hydro-forming technique is used where a sheet metal part is formed under water pressure generated by a punch drawing the sheet in a pressurized water chamber. This increases formability and it is mainly due to the water pressure which holds the material in place which is in turn punched in the forming process, shielding the panel from extreme thinning in critical areas. (Cass) (Altan, 2002) Sheet hydroforming diagram This technique can also be used to stretch form or deep draw metal. Other variations of the process are: Active hydro-forming-involves a process in which the blank is pressed against a die contour. Viscous pressure forming-where a viscous material is used instead of water to pressurize the medium Flex forming-water pressure used as an elastic polymer membrane that shields around the sheet and the punch. Adapting the Process (Altan, 2002) Here shown are the basic components making up the punch to carry out the hydro-forming technique. The upper binder or blankholder provide the holding force for the blank. The water chamber is used to hold the initial blank. Pressure chamber provides hydraulic counter pressure to the water. Hydraulic cylinders provide the force to the blank holder which in terms is controlled through a P.L.C controlling system. The water is then pumped in to the chamber below the die. This is controlled outwards from a relief valve. As seen above, we can easily observe the results of the panels produced in steel. The difference between steel and aluminium is that aluminium has 30%- 40% less elongation and formability. The answer to aluminium drawing was hydro-forming which has obtained results of 50% more depth than conventional drawing techniques. (Cass) Hydro-forming is on the increase in the automotive industry and nowadays, one can state that it is the most frequent used technique for all types of body-panels. However this process has its own limitations such as low manufacturing cycle times, highly specialised expensive heavy duty equipment which requires highly skilled operators. On the other hand, its under mentioned advantages are appealing; (Altan, 2002) Gives better drawing depths with better strain distribution. Draws complex shapes in one press cycle. Reduces die costs since one die is used. Finish is excellent. P8: Distinguish between fusion non-fusion welding processes. Select one fusion or non fusion and discuss the principles of operation, parameter of the process, the equipment used, advantages, disadvantages and precautions taken. Also describe one application for the process selected. Welding, still considered a recent metal working trade, is a process which involves two or more materials, which are required to be joined together at the surfaces in a strong enough bond not only mechanically (using rivets or bolts) but metallurgic ally (involving diffusion). This makes the bond secure and strong, eliminating the process of having to manufacture a new single part from scratch. To ensure that a good weld is formed, the surfaces to be welded must not have any asperities, meaning that any roughness, dirt and pointed ends must be removed to achieve the best weld possible. In order to overcome these difficulties, pressure, heat or both must be present in the process, which helps to bring atoms together and agitate more the microstructure of the materials so as to create a true secure bond. Cleanliness as already mentioned is essential and depending on the degree of dirt, one must utilise the appropriate cleaning tools. Generally, chemicals are used such as degreasers and solvents, which dissolve the oil or dirt, or else mechanically were abrasion, grinding etc, are used for rougher surfaces to attain the best smooth layers possible. (Groover, 2010) (Callister Jr, 2007) Since different materials with a vast number of properties and features may require welding, various types of welding exist on the market, each with their own characteristics and methods, differing in the apparatus, temperature and pressure used, type of gas involved ( acting as a shield) when another metal may be present. These welding methods are generally divided into two groups, non-fusion welding and fusion welding. Non-Fusion Welding: This type of welding can also be called solid-state welding involving bonding of materials without melting the base metals and no filler material is added. Non-fusion welding involves some of the oldest welding processes and some of the very latest. Also in such cases, pressure or temperature or both can be used to build up sufficient energy to bond the intended surfaces intended to be welded. The most important factors for a successful solid-state weld are that the two surfaces must be very clean and they must be very close to each other to allow atomic bonding. As no melting is involved, non-fusion welding has quite a few advantages over fusion welding. No melting means that there is no heat-affected zone; the metals surrounding the joint retain their original properties. Most of the processes producing welded joints affect the entire contact point between the two parts, instead of a distinct point like most fusion-welding operations. Adding to this, at times some of these processe s are used to bond dissimilar metals and it is important to note that these, if melted and re-solidified, may alter their relative thermal expansions, conductivities, and other properties which are very important when applied to a factual application. The drawbacks on the other hand for such welding process when, compared with conventional fusion welding, are that since the welding cycles take more time to complete, it is a more time consuming process and quite unsuitable for restricted sized parts. It is again important to note that surface preparation is essential before actual welding takes place for the surfaces to bond precisely. Yet the major disadvantage of this process is the relatively high initial investments cost in equipment. (Groover, 2010) (Schmid, 2010) Typical examples of non-fusion welding processes include; Diffusion welding (DFW). Pressure is used to hold two surfaces together at a high temperature where the parts bond by solid-state diffusion. Friction welding (FRW). Bonding is achieved creating heat created from friction between two surfaces. Ultrasonic welding (USW). Two parts with an oscillating motion from an ultrasonic frequency at moderate pressure is used in a direction parallel to the contacting surfaces. This combination of normal and vibratory forces gives shear stresses that removes surface films and achieves atomic bonding at the surface. Fusion Welding: This type of welding technique is also known as liquid-state welding and as the name implies, the base metals for this process are melted using heat. In most fusion welding operations, a filler metal is included in the molten pool where the bond is desired. These may be in the form of consumable electrodes or a wire fed into the weld pool. Their main purpose is to improve and ease the process to produce a much stronger weld in terms of metallurgy (atoms are packed closer together creating a much tighter mechanically bond). As a protection against oxidisation, these processes also include a protective layer between the air around the weld and the molten metal. These can be either in the form of a gas shield or as a type of  flux  which melts to produce a layer on the weld itself that solidifies and is removed afterwards.   Fusion processes where no external metal is used are known to be autogenous welds. Advantages offered from fusion welding, makes it the most common and most v ast of the welding processes which are mainly the ability to repeat the weld at the same joint without difficulty, which is relatively fast and adequate for most applications. As for the drawbacks, there are two main problems. The changes in the microstructure after repeated heating and rapid cooling could easily alter the properties of the parent metals and the effects of the residual stresses which build up in the parent metals caused by expansion or contraction. These have a long term effect on the weld itself due to the fatigue produces. The following are the main types of welding processes; Gas welding Oxyacetylene Welding (OAW) Arc Welding Shielded metal arc welded (SMAW) Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) Plasma arc welding (PAW) Gas- metal arc welding (GMAW) Flux cored arc welding (FCAW) Submerged arc welding (SAW) Electro-slag welding (ESW) High energy beam welding- Electron beam welding (EBW) Laser beam welding (LBW) (Kou, 2003), (Callister Jr, 2007), (Jha) __________________________________________________________________________________ Gas Metal Arc Welding; This welding process is a fusion welding process and uses the basics of this type of welding, since it melts the metals at the joining area, using elevated temperatures whilst creating an arc between a continuous fed filler wire electrode and the metals to be joined. The weld is constantly shielded using an inert gas. The type of gas used, differs from application to application. Inert (argon gas for example), is used for MIG welding. Other shielding gases used are carbon dioxide, as well as inert/active gas. Mixtures at times are used mainly to weld mild steel alloys (a mixture may be used from argon, carbon dioxide and oxygen). The ideal gas used for shielding, inert or active, is usually chosen according to the alloy composition and the grade of finish desired. Metal Inert Gas welding (MAGS MIG); Another gas-metal arc welding process is the metal inert gas process commonly known as MIG. In common with the  tungsten inert gas  process (TIG), MIG welding uses a protective gas shield layer over the weld pool projected using a torch shroud. MIG uses electricity to melt and create the welding pool that joins pieces of metal together. It may also be referred to as the hot glue gun and is known to be one of the easiest welding processes to learn. It was developed in the 1940s and even nowadays, it still uses the same principles. The electrical current used to melt the metals is used to create a short circuit between a continuous wire fed through a gun to act as the anode and the cathode being the metal being welded. This short circuit which dissipates enough (approx. 4000 F to 6000 F) heat to melt the metal and the non reactive gas, shields the weld being produced. With the metal molten, the two surfaces fuse together becoming one piece and as the heat is removed, the metal cool s, solidifying in a unite piece of metal. Being an easy to learn welding process, makes this application popular and moreover, since it can be used with a variety of materials: carbon steel, stainless steel, aluminium, magnesium, copper, nickel, silicon bronze and other alloys. http://www.personal.psu.edu/jhk5143/edesgn100/project4/welding/pic3.jpg MIG welder equipment A MIG welder is made up of several parts: The welder; Here the main equipment is the wire and a series of rollers which are used to push the wire out from the welding gun. The large spool of wire is held on with a tension nut. The welding gun; http://www.personal.psu.edu/jhk5143/edesgn100/project4/welding/pic2.jpg http://www.weldguru.com/images/300px-MIG_cut-away.jpg The most important part takes place. The gun (1) is made up of a trigger that controls the wire feed and the flow of electricity. Here, the wire is passed through a replaceable copper tip (3). Tips vary in size according to the diameter of the wire (5). The outside of the tip of gun is covered by a ceramic (2) or metal cup which is used to protect the electrode (4) and gives direction to the flow of gas. The Ground Clamp; this is basically the cathode (-) in the circuit, which is clamped directly to the piece of metal being welding. Good contact is essential on the bare metal. http://cdn.instructables.com/FKB/OD1H/F2FRVLCD/FKBOD1HF2FRVLCD.MEDIUM.jpg Advantages of MIG welding; Versatile in the sense that, it welds a wide range of metals and thicknesses, Will weld in any angle and position, Less cleaning is required, Has a good weld bead, Does not splatter the weld, Long welds can be done without starts and stops, Easy to learn. Disadvantages of MIG welding; It involves bulky equipment,since the gas source is transported in cylinders Produces a rougher and less controlled weld compared to TIG welding. Requires Irregular wire feed, Porosity and burn-back weld finish, Unstable arc, Heavily oxidized weld deposits, Difficulty in starting the weld on certain material. Precautions; At first hand, the most important precautions are those regarding the health and safety aspect. Welding involves heat, which may cause fire leading to accidents and injuries. Therefore, safety gear is essential. These include gloves, apron, welding helmet (to protect your eyes from the bright light produced by the electrical current) and a handy fire extinguisher. http://cdn.instructables.com/F71/ZGBA/F2L4FTRQ/F71ZGBAF2L4FTRQ.LARGE.jpg http://cdn.instructables.com/FBU/2A3K/F2NOBQVK/FBU2A3KF2NOBQVK.MEDIUM.jpg Bright light whilst welding Safety gear Other important precautions/defects must be taken during the actual process itself. Whilst welding, one might find that holes are produced in the weld, this might be due to too much current which might occur due to over-melting of material. This is resolved by reducing the current load from the welder apparatus. Spurts might also form on the weld. This is due to the wire speed or power settings regulated being too low. What happens is that the gun would be feeding in too much wire which whilst melting would splatter the weld without forming a proper one. A good weld will be achieved when all the settings are properly set resulting in a smooth weld. It should be noted that the sound of a continuous spark indicates the proper quality of the weld. MIG (Fusion) Welding for Aluminium and Its Alloys: Aluminium welding is regarded as a very difficult procedure due its low melting point yet high heat conductivity and which could result in poor penetration and molten holes. Aluminium being a non ferrous metal, is readily available in various product forms. In order to establish a proper welding procedure, it is essential to know the material properties of the aluminium alloy being welded. These can be effected by;   Aluminium Oxide Coating   Thermal Conductivity   Thermal Expansion Coefficient   Melting Characteristics In normal circumstances, aluminium is welded using TIG and not MIG welding, since it is far more difficult to weld aluminium with the latter. On the other hand, aluminium being a soft metal, requires that the TIG welder has to utilise AC current not just DC current (this is because intermediate welds are required to bond aluminium) and therefore modifications have to be made on the TIG welding equipment, making it more costly then ever. However though it is considered difficult (especially for an inexperienced worker), the majority of such welding is carried out utilising MIG welding with possible reasonable results, if the following procedures are noted: Essential features to weld aluminium using MIG welding: Base-metal preparation:   aluminium oxide and hydrocarbon contamination must be removed Aluminium oxide melts at 3,700 F while the base-material aluminium underneath will melt at 1,200 F. Preheating: Preheating the aluminium work piece can help avoid weld cracking Preheating temperature should not exceed 230 F The push technique:   pushing the gun away from the weld pool rather than pulling it, will result in better cleaning action Travel speed:   Aluminium welds need to be hot and fast High thermal conductivity of aluminium implies the need for higher amps and voltage settings and higher weld-travel speeds If travel speed is too slow, the weld risks excessive burn Shielding gas:   Argon, which gives good cleaning action and penetration profile, is the most common shielding gas used when welding aluminium Welding wire:   Aluminium filler wire that has a melting temperature similar to the base material is ideal. 0.035-inch diameter at a low wire-feed speed 100 to 300 in. /min Convex-shaped welds:   Aluminium welding causes crater cracking resulting in failure. These are created due to the high rate of thermal expansion of aluminium. Power-source selection:   Welding current in excess of 350 A, cc produces optimum results.   Wire feeder:   A constant-torque, variable-speed motor in the wire-feed is essential giving constant force and speed through the gun. A high-torque motor in the welding gun pulls the wire through and keeps wire-feed speed and arc length consistent.   Welding guns:   contact tip approximately 0.015 inch larger than the diameter of the filler metal being, When the welding current exceeds 200 A, a water-cooled gun is used to minimize heat build-up and reduce wire-feeding difficulties.

Primal Instinct :: Free Essay Writer

Primal Instinct In the Lord of the Flies William Golding has a group of schoolboys crash on an island and become barbaric. The reason why the boys turn wild is because of their primal instinct to hurt others. This behavior is inherited from early ancestors killing to stay alive. Mans tendency towards violence, how people take sides and divide into groups, and the struggle for power are three ways mans behavior will generally occur. Each of these suggests that violence is a key factor to getting what they want. Mans primal instinct towards violence really shows when they are living without rules or realize that there are no authority figures to enforce any rules. Without having consequences for any actions that might be taken then they primal instinct of the boys begins to take over. Even though the fact of no punishments may be known in the back of ones mind there is still the thought of what’s right. â€Å"Roger stooped, picked up a stone, aimed, and threw it at Henry and back again.† (Page 67) This is an example of how Roger knows it is wrong to hit someone with a rock but also knows that there are no punishments for anything. â€Å"The madness came into his eyes again. â€Å"I thought I might kill.†Ã¢â‚¬  (Page 55) This is showing how he lets his primal side take over his thoughts when he is hunting. He forgets about everything he had ever been told about what’s right because of his primal instinct to kill. He had an urge to hunt, his instincts were teaching him how. Even thought he really did now know how to hunt mans primal instincts helped him learn quickly. How people take sides and form groups shows how majority rules. The majority that rules needs a leader. This leader has to hold the rules but when the children’s primal instincts take over the control is lost but the majority still rules. â€Å"Let him be the chief with the trumpet thing.† (Page 24) This quote shows how all of the children are agreeing on this. Once one mentions it, the rest agree. If there is not anyone brave enough to mention something then no one will because they are all afraid that no one else will agree with them. â€Å"Who thinks Ralph oughtn’t be chief?† – â€Å"he looked expectantly at the boys ranged round, who had frozen.

Special Interest Group Research Paper

Interest groups are one important mechanism through which citizens in the United States make their ideas, needs, and views known to elected officials. Citizens can usually find an interest group that focuses on their concerns, no matter how specialized they may be. An interest group is an organization of people with similar policy goals that tries to influence the political process to try to achieve those goals. In doing so, interest groups try to influence every branch and every level of government.The multiple policy arenas help distinguish interest groups from political parties. Interest groups may also support candidates for office, but American interest groups do not run their own slate of candidates. Interest groups are often policy specialists, where as parties are policy generalists. Which means, interest groups do not face the limitation imposed, by trying to appeal to everyone. The interest group i have chosen to study and do research upon is the World Wildlife Fund.It is t he world's largest independent conservation organization with over 5 million supporters worldwide, working in more than 100 countries, supporting around 13,000 conservation and environmental projects. WWF supports the enforcement of appropriate wildlife trade laws by supporting enforcement of cities, the best known international body for regulating international trade in wildlife. WWFs mission is to conserve nature and reduce the most crucial threats to the diversity of life on earth and to build a future in which people live in harmony with nature.The world wildlife fund was founded on April 29th, 1961, in Morges Switzerland by Julian Huxley, Edward Nicholson, Peter Scott, Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld, Prince Philip, and Duke of Edinburgh. To this day, the headquarters is still based where it has been originally founded in Switzerland. Over the fifty years since founded, WWF invested almost $10 billion in more than 13000 projects and, there has been a majority of candidates that have ran for president of the group. Many have made huge impacts to the fund such as; Chief Eleazar Chukwuemeka Anyaoku, Mrs.Sara Morrison, Ruud Lubbers, Syed Babar Ali and many more. But the current president, Yolanda Kakabadse whom started her presidency in 2010 is striving for WWF to give all of their 5 million+ employees all the kinds of benefits they need to support them in their work and home lives. The organization has offices in more than 100 different countries around the world. So in order for WWF to achieve their mission, they focus their efforts on two broad areas; biodiversity and footprint.They first want to ensure that biodiversity stays healthy and vibrant for generations to come. They are focusing on conserving critical places and species that are extremely important for the conservation of our earth's rich biodiversity. The second, is to reduce the negative impacts of human activity which is our ecological footprint . They are working to make sure that the na tural resources required for life; land, water, and air are managed sustainably and fairly.Since the world wildlife fund has been trying to achieve this mission, they have stated that they do not endorse any political candidates or political party solely because they choose to concentrate their efforts on the conservation and the preservation of our land by protecting endangered species and habitats. In addition, they work night and day to preserve and create protected areas, link conservation needs with human needs, build effective institutions to help sustain conservation efforts, and address serious global threats like climate change and toxic chemicals that cause pollution.The world wildlife fund has a mission that they wish to achieve and by doing so, the fund will keep working as hard as they have been to conserve nature and most importantly the worlds endangered species. The WWF has taught me a lot more than i thought i knew about the fund. Realizing what the fund is truly ab out opened my eyes and the love that i have for animals makes me want to become apart of the organization some time in my future. This special interest group was a true match for me. I learned more about what is is, what they represent and how they operate. Special Interest Group Research Paper Interest groups are one important mechanism through which citizens in the United States make their ideas, needs, and views known to elected officials. Citizens can usually find an interest group that focuses on their concerns, no matter how specialized they may be.An interest group is an organization of people with similar policy goals that tries to influence the political process to try to achieve those goals. In doing so, interest groups try to influence every branch and every level of government. The multiple policy arenas help distinguish interest groups from political parties. Interest groups may also support candidates for office, but American interest groups do not run their own slate of candidates. Interest groups are often policy specialists, where as parties are policy generalists. Which means, interest groups do not face the limitation imposed, by trying to appeal to everyone.The interest group i have chosen to study and do research upon is the World Wildlife Fund. It is t he world's largest independent conservation organization with over 5 million supporters worldwide, working in more than 100 countries, supporting around 13,000 conservation and environmental projects. WWF supports the enforcement of appropriate wildlife trade laws by supporting enforcement of cities, the best known international body for regulating international trade in wildlife. WWFs mission is to conserve nature and reduce the most crucial threats to the diversity of life on earth and to build a future in which people live in harmony with nature.The world wildlife fund was founded on April 29th, 1961, in Morges Switzerland by Julian Huxley, Edward Nicholson, Peter Scott, Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld, Prince Philip, and Duke of Edinburgh. To this day, the headquarters is still based where it has been originally founded in Switzerland. Over the fifty years since founded, WWF invested almost $10 billion in more than 13000 projects and, there has been a majority of candidates that have ran for president of the group.Many have made huge impacts to the fund such as; Chief Eleazar Chukwuemeka Anyaoku, Mrs. Sara  Morrison, Ruud Lubbers, Syed Babar Ali and many more. But the current president, Yolanda Kakabadse whom started her presidency in 2010 is striving for WWF to give all of their 5 million+ employees all the kinds of benefits they need to support them in their work and home lives. The organization has offices in more than 100 different countries around the world.So in order for WWF to achieve their mission, they focus their efforts on two broad areas; biodiversity and footprint. They first want to ensure that biodiversity stays healthy and vibrant for generations to come. They are focusing on conserving critical places and species that are extremely important for the conservation of our earth's rich biodiversity. The second, is to reduce the negative impacts of human activity which is our ecological footprint . They are working to make sure that the natural resources required for life; land, water, and air are managed sustainably and fairly.Since the world wildlife fund has been trying to achieve this mission, they have stated that they do not endorse any political candidates or political party solely because they choose to concentrate their efforts on the conservation and the preservation of our land by protecting endangered species and habitats. In addition, they work night and day to preserve and create protected areas, link conservation needs with human needs, build effective institutions to help sustain conservation efforts, and address serious global threats like climate change and toxic chemicals that cause pollution.The world wildlife fund has a mission that they wish to achieve and by doing so, the fund will keep working as hard as they have been to conserve nature and most importantly the worlds endangered species. The WWF has taught me a lot more than i thought i knew about the fund. Realizing what the fund is truly about opened my eyes and the love that i have for animals makes me want to become apart of the organization some time in my future. This special interest group was a true match for me. I learned more about what is is, what they represent and how they operate.