Communication Example

Correspondence Example Correspondence †Article Example Great relational abilities are significant for to prevail in school. Correspondence can be characterized as the way toward sending and getting images with connected significance (Schermerhorn, Hunt, Osborn). In a web based learning condition understudies must have great composed relational abilities to achieve the week after week errands given to them. Understudies must figure out how to reword composed material so as to give great references in papers and reports. A paper ought not have over 10% of direct statements or summarized material. It is critical to discuss well with others on the grounds that a great deal of learning happens in school through the discussions understudies have with their schoolmates. The utilization of online discussions has become a well known path for understudies to communicate with one another. In a learning gathering the main assignment is to peruse the conversations posted by the teacher and your schoolmates. Answering to these posts allows understudie s to communicate with one another. Compelling correspondence with different understudies is significant in light of the fact that communication with your schoolmates is basic towards the learning procedure. GCU accentuates appropriate behavior in discussions to guarantee understudies speak with one another in an expert way. Understudies must pose inquiries at whatever point they don't comprehend a hypothesis, technique, or idea. It is significant for teachers to keep the lines of correspondence with the understudies open consistently. Taking great notes during class can enable an understudy to compose significant thoughts from the course. Understudies ought to likewise take notes at whatever point they are perusing a section, article, or contextual analysis. Before composing an article understudies ought to build up a blueprint. Frameworks assist understudies with get-together thoughts and sort out data in an intelligent way. Work Cited PageSchermerhorn, John, James Hunt, and Richar d Osborn. Hierarchical Behavior (eighth ed.). New York: John Wiley and Sons. 2003. Print.

History of Social Relations in India free essay sample

Station and sexual orientation conditions in Indian history No part of Indian history has energized more discussion than Indias history of social relations. Western indologists and Western-impacted Indian educated people have taken advantage of position divisions, unapproachability, strict obscurantism, and practices of settlement and sati as unmistakable proof of Indias enduring backwardness. For some Indologists, these social ills have actually come to characterize India and have become nearly the selective focal point of their compositions on India. During the pilgrim time frame, it served the interests of the British (and their European companions) to overstate the law based character of their own social orders while lessening any socially reclaiming highlights of society in India (and other colonized countries). Social divisions and imbalances were an advantageous apparatus in the munititions stockpile of the colonizers. From one viewpoint, huge strategic increases could be accomplished by setting up one network to contend with the other. Then again, there were likewise tremendous mental advantages in making the feeling that India was a land overflowing with exceptionally despicable social practices that lone an illuminated outsider could endeavor to change. We will compose a custom paper test on History of Social Relations in India or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Indias social ills were talked about with a derisive criticism and frequently with a determined goal to impart a feeling of profound disgrace and inadequacy. Solid components of such pilgrim symbolism keep on commanding the scene of Western Indology. A liberal, unique West grasping all inclusive human qualities is presented against a willful and perpetual East sticking to loathsome social qualities and customs. It is little miracle, subsequently, that Indias learned people have been not able to either completely comprehend the memorable elements and setting which offered life to these social practices or find viable answers for their fix. Numerous students of history and social activists seem to have implicitly acknowledged the thought that station divisions in the public arena are an extraordinarily Indian component and that Indian culture has been to a great extent unaltered since the composition of the Manusmriti which gives formal authorization to such social imbalances. Yet, standing like divisions are neither extraordinarily Indian nor has Indian culture been as socially stale as regularly accepted. In all non-populist social orders where riches and political influence were inconsistent circulated, some type of social imbalance showed up and regularly implied genetic benefits for the tip top and lawfully (or socially) authorized oppression those considered drop down in the social chain of importance. Truth be told, standing like divisions are to be found throughout the entire existence of most countries whether in the American mainland, or in Africa, Europe or somewhere else in Asia. In certain social orders, rank like divisions were moderately straightforward, in others increasingly unpredictable. For example, in Eastern Africa some rural social orders were separated between land-claiming and landless clans (or factions) that inevitably took on rank like qualities. Ministers and warriors delighted in exceptional benefits in the fifteenth C. Aztec society of Mexico as did the Samurais (warrior nobles) and clerics of medieval Japan. Ideas of virtue and debasement were additionally very comparative in Japanese society and citizenry who completed unclean undertakings were treated as social outsiders similarly as in India. Among the most defined of the old human advancements was the Roman Civilization where notwithstanding state-authorized servitude, there were all way of position like disparities coded into law. Indeed, even in the Christian time, European feudalism gave all way of innate benefits for the knights and landed noblemen (to some degree much the same as Indias Rajputs and Thakurs) and among the sovereignty, orchestrated relationships and endowment were similarly as basic as in India. Oppression the craftsmans was additionally ordinary all through Europe, and as late as the nineteenth century craftsmans in Germany needed to experience a different court framework to look for legitimate change. They were not allowed to speak to courts that managed the undertakings of the honorability and the landed upper class. For example, Beethoven composed various letters to German legal specialists arguing that he not be treated as a peon that as Germanys pre-prominent author he merited better treatment. ) A typical example that appears to rise up out of an investigation of a few such antiquated and medieval social orders is that clerics and warriors regularly shaped an exclusive class in most m edieval social orders and social benefits fluctuated by social status; in settled agribusiness based social orders, this was generally firmly identified with responsibility for. For example, we discover no proof of position like separation in social orders where land was all in all possessed and together developed, or where products and enterprises were traded inside the town based on bargain, and there was no premium doled out to a specific sort of work. All administrations and all types of human work were esteemed similarly. Such town collectives may have once existed all through India and some seem to have made due until as of late particularly in the slopes, (for example, in parts of Himachal and the North East, including Assam and Tripura), yet in addition in Orissa and parts of Central India. In such social orders, we likewise observe little proof of sexual orientation segregation. In India, position and sex separation seem to turn out to be increasingly articulated with the approach of innate and tyrant administering administrations, a ground-breaking state organization, the development of particular property rights, and the mastery of Brahmins over the country poor in agrahara towns. Be that as it may, this procedure was neither straight nor consistently irreversible. As old decision lines were ousted, already existing rank conditions and standing orders were additionally tested and changed. In numerous pieces of India this procedure may have taken a few centuries to take shape and position unbending nature might be a significantly more ongoing wonder than has been generally depicted. The feeling that standing divisions were in every case carefully upheld, or that there were no difficulties to position unbending nature doesn't appear to square with an impartial assessment of the Indian authentic record. It ought to likewise be underlined that position qualifications were by all account not the only way, or even the most grievous manner by which social disparities showed themselves in more seasoned social orders. In old Greece and Rome, the establishment of subjugation was in any event as merciless a training, if not more awful. (It is in this way very unexpected how the slave-possessing Greek states are respected by Western educated people as the universes first law based social orders yet old India is criticized for its vast social ills. ) Levels and level of rank separation in India have fluctuated with time and there has been both upward and descending versatility of stations and social gatherings. Passing by the injuries laid out in the Manusmriti, one may presume that rank differentiations were unchangeable, inflexibly implemented and the potential outcomes of station portability totally outlined. Be that as it may, a closer assessment of the authentic record recommends something else. As of now in the Upanishadic time frame there were strains among Brahmins and Kshatriyas, and there are unequivocal anecdotes in the Upanishadic writings representing how an illuminated Kshatriya had the option to surpass a Brahmin in profound intelligence and philosophical information. In the Mahabharatha, there are references to a Brahmin warrior proposing that standing classes were not so much rigid. There is additionally analysis of parasitism among Brahmins in a portion of the writings from the Upanishadic time frame, and social analysts stressed how the individuals who reneged on their social commitments were undeserving of their position benefits. This is a significant point since it recommends that there was an inferred implicit agreement that included the two benefits and social commitments. The ruler may have appreciated gigantic force and glory, and claimed various rights over the everyday citizens, yet in addition had the commitment to safeguard the individuals to shield them from trespassers, to administer equity in an impartial way and aid the turn of events and conservation of water system offices and streets. Inability to meet such desires could and led to rebellions, and traditions rose and fell inside a matter of not many ages. Difficulties to Brahminical authority and standing unbending nature In the Upanishads, there is likewise acknowledgment that originations of god could be very shifted, that Brahminical customs were not fundamental to otherworldly discharge, and that people may pick various divinities or techniques for venerate. This ecumenical standpoint encouraged the development of elective perspectives in the domain of strict practice as well as on standards of how society should be organized. Social difficulties to total monarchical guideline and the massive intensity of the clerical class likely prompted a crescendo during the Buddhist time frame when Brahmin authority got difficulties from a few quarters from radical nonbelievers, for example, the Lokayatas, from Jain freethinkers, and heterodox Hindus and Buddhists who needed to remake society on a not so much unfair but rather more accommodating premise. In spite of the fact that it is inappropriate to romanticize the Buddhists as being totally against position qualifications {since there is proof that they acknowledged station differentiations in the public arena outside their sanghas (communes)}, Buddhists alongside other social pundits without a doubt assumed an incredible job in guaranteeing that standing was not the sole or even the predominant factor in molding Indian culture of that period. This is borne out by in what way many decision families emerged from a non-Kshatriya (and furthermore non-Brahmin) foundation. The Nandas, the Mauryas, the Kalingas and the Guptas are only a portion of the more distinguished of Indias deciding traditions that didn't emerge from a Kshatriya backgro

Personal Narrative: My Visit to Agra and the Taj Mahal Essay -- essays

Taj Mahal Out of numerous spots I visited all around the globe, the spot I like the most is the wonderful city of Agra. It’s a very town situated on the North of India. At the point when we talk about Agra one picture that comes as a main priority is Taj Mahal. Indeed one of the seven marvels is here. Agra is loaded with design landmarks. Furthermore, I additionally visited Agra Fort, Fatehpur Sikri, and Buland Darwazaand. Nourishment was not so much good. Other than Taj Mahal, Agra is celebrated for painstaking work, cowhide and expressive arts. It was fun shopping at Agra. Taj Mahal. ( Mahal is the word in urdu language utilized for Palace) How would i be able to portray The Taj Mahal? You can’t its unthinkable. You simply need to encounter it. To look in wonder at that great arch and rich nurseries will be a second that you recollect for a mind-blowing remainder. It is perhaps the best sight on the planet, some state the best, and like Victoria Falls, The Grand Canyon, and Macchu Picchu, it just is a unique little something you need to find in your life. The building effortlessness and evenness of the Taj Mahal just blows your mind. We had picked our visit cautiously - the sun was setting and the light that washed over the Taj was brilliant in shading. The minarets were currently obvious against the setting sun . The genuine vault was an astonishment, it isn't yellow-white however blue-white and canvassed in engravings and detail. From underneath it appeared as though something out of Middle Eastern Nights. But inside were the tombs of Mumtaz M ahal and Shah Jahan. The focal tomb is an elevated chamber with light spilling through fine latticework, and hanging above was a detailed light. Words can't depict its excellence when you remain on that marble stage ignoring the Yamuna, with the setting sun transforming it into a brilliant lace. You may a... ...conventions. I brought Agra floor coverings, Agra Marble. As the world well known Taj Mahal is made absolutely of Marble, it is regular that the business sectors must be overflowed with the reproductions of the Taj in marble, minimal stone elephants, and exquisite marble liners. Agra is additionally well known for calfskin industry, The cowhide laborers of Agra offer shoes, shoes, shoes, totes, wallets, sacks, belts, garments, lampshades, furniture, beanbags and a lot more things made of calfskin. We can buy at reasonable costs with wide decisions. Various individuals have various perspectives on the Taj yet it is sufficient to state that the Taj has its very own existence that jumps out of marble, if you comprehend that it is a landmark of affection. As a design perfect work of art, nothing could be included or deducted from it. I figure everybody should visit Taj Mahal in any event once in their life, on the off chance that they get an opportunity.

Essay For PhD: Tips on Writing Your Own Essay

Essay For PhD: Tips on Writing Your Own EssayFor anyone interested in writing their own essay for PhD, there are a few things you'll need to know about how to do it. The main idea is to give your essay a personality that will make it stand out. With a little creativity and effort, it can be done.The first thing you'll need to do is find some help. You need a few essays to choose from so you can narrow them down. Of course, you should also consider the topic that interests you the most. As an example, if you have a passion for biology, then you can use a biology essay sample to write one.If you want some help, but you're not sure where to start, you can check out writing websites. There are several websites out there that can offer advice and writing samples to get you started. If you do a search, you'll be able to find several sites that offer free articles and essays.If you are unsure about the topic of your essay, ask around for ideas. You might be surprised at how many people have already thought of an idea. You could choose to use their ideas and end up with an essay that fits what you want to write.The next thing you need to do is to write the essay. This is definitely a time-consuming process, so you'll want to make sure you have all of the information you need before beginning the project.When it comes to this big step, it's best to get some editing done. There are many websites out there that offer editing services. So make sure you have all of the details you need on hand before beginning your essay. Editing is important so you will be able to turn your essay into something great. These are just a few tips to help you on your way. The great thing about writing an essay for a PhD is that you can really write what you want. After you've completed your dissertation, you will have completed a real accomplishment for yourself.

Evaluation of a Childs Toy in Relation to the Theories of...

This essay will evaluate how a child’s toy can specifically help them develop with relation to specific theories. The theories of play that will be referred to are Jean Piaget’s, Lev Vygotsky’s and George Herbert Mead’s theories. The Toy that will be assessed is; PlushPups, family bigmouth hand puppets. The puppet set has a suggested age range of three and over. This is a conventional puppet set which contains 6 characters; mum, dad, daughter, son and grandparents. An advantage of this toy is that there are no specific ways to play with it; it can be used in any way the child wants to play. Traditionally the puppets would be used by children to act out scenarios, particularly family scenarios. The puppets also allow children to imagine†¦show more content†¦Applying Piaget’s theory of play, to play with puppets, shows that this type of play can have a positive impact on a child’s development. However, there are theories that contrast with that of Piaget, which argue children develop in different ways. Lev Vygotsky’s theory suggests that there is a zone of proximal development (ZPD), in which a child can act above their actual age. This will help the child develop psychological tools such as conversation skills, and also understand other people’s behaviours. â€Å"Play creates a zone of proximal development (ZPD) of the child. In play child always behaves beyond his average age, above his daily behaviour; in play it is as though he were a head taller than himself. As in the focus of a magnifying glass, play contains all developmental tendencies in a condensed form and itself a major source of development.† (Vygotsky, 1978, p102 in Faulkner 1995). Vygotsky saw children’s interactions in play, as creating zone in which their play is more advance then their actual development level. The ZPD is thought of as a social space, where children can encounter new information through interaction. Vygotsky claimed that children will be introduced to different perspec tives on knowledge they know, and also gain new information through conversations with other children and adults. This new knowledge then becomes an internalized part of a child’s mental representations. The theory alsoShow MoreRelatedGender Development in Children Essay998 Words   |  4 PagesThere have been many theories and studies in support of the development of gender identity and gender roles. One major theory was the one put forward by Bandura and his social learning theory. Banduras social learning theory states that gender is learnt through direct and indirect reinforcement. 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Daniel s Best Seller Emotional Intelligence - 1912 Words

Since Daniel Coleman’s best-seller Emotional Intelligence was published in 1995, the public and academic circles have become increasingly interested in the topic of emotional intelligence. Psychologists and corporate consultants alike have begun designing courses and programs in a bid to help people increase their emotional intelligence. But what exactly is Emotional Intelligence? Although as far back as the beginning of the 20th century, Thorndike’s (1921) research into social intelligence touched on the topic of emotions and how important they are to intellectual functioning, the term Emotional Intelligence did not come to be officially recognized until decades later, when Mayer and Salovey (1990) defined and described emotional†¦show more content†¦Another leading researcher in the field Bar-On (2004) has defined emotional intelligence as â€Å"a cross-section of inter-related emotional and social competencies that determine how effectively we understand an d express ourselves, understand others and relate with them, and cope with daily demands and pressures† (Bar-On, 2004). According to Bar-On (2004), the five composite areas include Intrapersonal, Interpersonal, Stress Management, Adaptability, and General Mood. 1 Three Models of Emotional Intelligence As a result of the various definitions of emotional intelligence, there emerged three most widely recognized and main models of emotional intelligence. The model as proposed by the modern pioneer of Emotional Intelligence studies Salovey and Mayer sees emotional intelligence as a cognitive ability, while the model as proposed by Bar-On views emotional intelligence as a mixed intelligence, meaning it consists of cognitive ability and personality aspects (Mayer and Salovey, 1990; Bar-On, 2004) This model stresses the importance of how both cognitive and personality factors can effect general well-being. The third model was developed by Daniel Goleman (2001), who like Bar-on also perceives emotional intelligence as a mixed intelligence, but his model focuses on how the two factors can determine organizational and workplace success. 1.1 An Ability Model of Emotional Intelligence Salovey and Mayer suggest that people possess varying levels of competency and

BHP Billiton Ltd - Inherent Risks in Auditing Free Sample

Questions: 1.Identify what you consider to be the key inherent risk factors that could have an impact on the audit of BHP Billiton Limited for the year ended 30th June 2016 and/or future audits. For each of the inherent risk factors identified, describe the risk clearly and state how and why you consider the issue may create the risk of potential material misstatement in the financial statements of BHP Billiton Limited for the year ended 30th June 2016 and beyond. You are expected to identify five (5) critical inherent risks.2.Using the audit risk model, discuss briefly how each inherent risk you identified will impact on the evidence mix for the planning of the audit of BHP Billiton Limited in the relevant segment of the audit. When referring to the balance between tests of balances, transactions and analytical procedures, indicate which main areas would be critical and comment on the nature and extent of the testing in the relevant segment. Answers: 1. Inherent risk refers to those risks that are faced due to error or else omissions in a particular financial declaration owing to different facets other than inadequacy of control (Louwers et al. 2013). This inherent risk is considered to be high in case of high degrees of judgment as well as estimation or in cases of highly intricate transactions of the business (Alles and Vasarhelyi 2015). In case of BHP Billiton Ltd, several uncertainties are associated to the process of estimation of mineral, oil as well as gas reserves (Bhpbilliton.com 2016). Different geological estimations related to the mineralization that were legitimate during the time of estimation might possibly change at the time when new information becomes available. Approximations regarding the reserves that the company pulls through or else the cost that is used to anticipate recovery of such reserves are purely founded on uncertain suppositions. Again, the unsure global financial outlook might also adversely affect the entire economic suppositions associated to reserve recovery and possibly will necessitate reserve restatements. These Reserve restatements might possibly depressingly affect the overall results along with prospects. Therefore, this business risk can be considered to inherent that might lead to potential changes to the overall portfolio of assets and material misstatements in the financial reports. In addition to this, the inherent risks associated to the functionalities of the company BHP Billiton Ltd includes the uncertainties of identification and arrangements for reserves, additions and divesting assets and managing different capital development ventures (Bhpbilliton.com 2016). Adding to this, there remain inherent limitations to the overall efficacy of any method of controlling disclosure as well as procedures, counting the chances of human error along with the circumvention otherwise the overriding of different controls as well as procedures. Consequently, effectual control procedure of disclosure and practices can provide sensible assurance of attaining the control purposes. Further, the management of the company has the need to apply judgments as well as estimations in the process of evaluation of cost benefit associations of different feasible controls while undertaking the process of design as well as evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures. This judgment and estimation might also lead to human errors of assumptions and poses inherent risks to the entire business. Again, the fixed investments assets are generally mentioned at a cost after deductions for provisions for different impairments. However, the fixed investments are fundamentally evaluated to make it certain that the carrying amounts do not surpass the overall approximated recoverable amounts. The value that is used is normally determined by way of discounting future cash flows by utilizing a risk adjusted pre tax rate of discount that is appropriate for different inherent risks in the assets. However, this estimated rate of discount might pose inherent risk for the functionalities of the company and can lead to material misstatements. In addition to this, there exists many more significant variables, suppositions as well as imprecision intrinsic in process of development of the Standardized measure. This standardized measure is essentially prepared as well as presented based on certain presumptions that states that the previous years economic and functional conditions is expected to persist over the upcoming times in which year-end reserves would be generated. However, this estimation in the standardized measures exclude the consequences of future rate of inflation, upcoming alterations in rates of exchange, anticipated future transformations in technology, rate of taxes, working practices and some other regulatory changes (Bhpbilliton.com 2016). Therefore, this might affect the predetermined level of proved reserves of oil and gas of the company BHP Billiton Ltd as well as the production rate thereof. The factors also pose different types of inherent risk that might lead to material misstatements in the financial declarations of the firm BHP Billiton Ltd. The inherent risks beyond the control of the company include ascertainment of the production commencement dates, related costs or else the production output, expected life of operation as well as mines or other facilities (Bhpbilliton.com 2016). In addition to this, there also exist inherent risks in gauging the capability of the firm to profitably generate as well as transport the minerals, petroleum as well as metals extracted to different relevant market. The changes in the foreign currency exchange rate can influence the overall market prices of the minerals, petroleum, metals in addition to other products that the company produces. Therefore, the change in the market prices of the products also poses the inherent risks that might lead to the material misstatements in the financial announcements (Eilifsen et al. 2013). The activities of different government of authorities where the company carries out the operations of exploration as well as development projects can also affect the assumptions by impositions of changes in rates of taxes. This can be viewed as uncertainties that are inherent in the process of estimations of production and reserves of the mineral, oil and gas and possible will lead to material misstatements in the financial declarations of the firm BHP Billiton Ltd. A gain, the unexpected natural as well as the functional catastrophes might adversely affect the overall operations of the corporation. This can be regarded as an inherent risk to the operations of the corporation owing to the environmental damages. As mentioned in the annual report of the company BHP Billiton Ltd, the functionalities of the BHP Billiton Ltd are essentially subject to different operational accidents. The operational accidents include the port fire as explosion in addition to the open-cut pitt wall failures, total loss of power supply, diverse rail road accidents, inadequate well control, environmental pollution as well as critical technical failures. The functionalities of the firm are also prone to different unexpected natural catastrophes that include the earthquakes, hurricanes, tsunamis as well as hurricanes. As mentioned in the annual report of the firm, the iron ore, Queensland coal as well as the oil and gas functions in the Gulf of Mexico are situated in areas that are primarily subject to environmental upheaval such as the cyclones or else hurricanes. BHP Billiton Ltds Chilean copper operations are essentially situated in a very well known earthquake as well as tsunami prone zone. Therefore, all these factors might lead to the damage of the property of the company, interruptions in the business operations, risk associated to construction, marine cargo as well as primary liability risks. The business plans therefore might not provide protection for different costs that might probably stem from these kinds of uncertain events (Songini and Pistoni 2012). Thus, the damages of this kind of uncertain events might possibly lead to the misappropriations of costs and consequently the material misstatements in the financial declarations of the firm. Again, many of the non-operated assets of the corporation BHP Billiton Ltd might not possibly conform to the pertinent standards. As per the annual report of the corporation BHP Billiton, it can be hereby ascertained that there are various assets of the company that are primarily operated and at the same time managed by diverse joint venture partners or else by other corporations. As a result, the management of these non-operated assets might possibly not conform to the management as well as benchmark of operations, procedures of controls, systems of operations, counting the health, safety, environment as well as community standards. Therefore, the failure to acclimatize to equal standards, controls, procedures of these assets can lead to huge costs, at the same time reduced amount of production, and adversely influence the outcomes as well as reputation (Porter et al. 2014). The assets controlled by different third also pose the inherent risks that too can lead to the material misst atements in the financial statements of the corporation BHP Billiton Ltd. Besides this, different types of violations of the security of the information technology processes might adversely influence the business activities of the firm. As mentioned in the annual report of the corporation BHP Billiton Ltd, the information technology system of the company comprises of the infrastructure, different business applications as well as communication networks to uphold the business actions. This kind of system might be subject to different security infringements such as the cyber crimes that in turn can lead to misappropriation of funds, escalated health as well as safety risks to different members of the staff (Hayes et al. 2014). In addition to this, the breach of the IT system can also lead to disruptive operations, diverse environmental damage, poor quality of product, loss of intellectual property, inappropriate disclosure of different commercially sensitive information as well as dama ge to reputation and goodwill. The losses caused due to the identified operational risk are essentially out of the control and can pose inherent risks that lead to the financial misstatements (Skaife et al. 2013). Furthermore, health impacts for a long period might stem from different unexpected workplace revelations or else historical exposures of the workers to different perilous substances. This in turn might possibly generate future financial reimbursement requirements (Hayes et al. 2014). Again, the environmental incidents also have the capability to in turn direct towards different material adverse influences on the functionalities of the corporations. Therefore, these kind of uncontrolled factors include unrestrained tailings containment violations, subsidence from diverse mining functions, break away from of different polluting materials as well as unrestrained discharge of hydrocarbons. Alterations in different regulatory as well as community anticipations might lead to different pertinent plans that are not sufficient but the risks associated to the community might consist of different community protests as well as civil unrest and might possibly lead to stoppages to diverse proposed improvements. Therefore, the operations or else the actions also face the risk of different unintentional violations of relevant human rights, worldwide laws and conventions. However, diverse probable conformity costs, litigation expenditures, regulatory impediments, rehabilitation expenditure as well as operational costs stemming from this kind of legislation can adversely affect the financial outcomes and lead to the material misstatements (Wang et al. 2013). The inherent risks that are identified from financial declarations of the corporations declared for the year ending 30 June 2016 include improper outlook towards worldwide growth. Worldwide growth over the remaining of the period of the year 2016 is anticipated to stay more or less modest and is subject to different downside risks, counting different uncertain economic results of the Brexit. The outlook section of the financial report mentions that the global growth rate is assumed to remain between the 3% and 3.5% during the year 2017 whereas the global trade needs to accelerate at a modest rate (Bhpbilliton.com 2016). The reform programs of the government can improve the productivity and the governing authorities need to improve the overall level of efficiency of capital allocation, lessen surplus capacity in segments that includes coal as well as steel whilst boosting the function of consumer demand and preserving the support for employment (Bhpbilliton.com 2016). Therefore, it is concluded that BHP Billiton faces various inherent risks at the time of conducting the auditing of financial statements. The above report explains the identification of key inherent risk factors affecting audit of BHP Billiton for the year ending 30 June for the year 2016 for future analysis purpose. This study explains the inherent risk factors with justification in aligning issues governing risk of potential material misstatement in the financial statements. 2. Audit risk model refers to the risk that a particular auditor articulates and expresses an inappropriate viewpoint on examination of the financial declarations of the corporation. As per the audit risk model, the risk of audit may be regarded as the product of different risks that might be encountered while performance of the entire program of audit (Messier Jr 2016). Therefore, in order to keep the overall audit risk within the acceptable limit, the auditor needs to assess the particular level of the risk that can be attached to each element of the audit risk. Figure 1: Audit Risk Model (Source: Messier Jr 2016) The different types of tests that the auditors can apply include the risk assessment procedures as well as the further audit procedures. As per the audit risk model, the sufficient competent evidence is equal to addition of the test of control, substantive tests of different business transactions, analytical process as well as tests of details of balances (Songini and Pistoni 2012). The different types of evidences include the physical examination, confirmation, documentation as well as observation. The tests of controls require documentation as well as observation as evidence. Again, the substantive tests of business transactions require documentation as evidence. In addition to this, the tests of different details of balances require physical examination, confirmation as well as documentation. Apart from this, the further audit procedures such as the tests of controls also create further evidences of inquiries of the clients and reperformances. Again, the substantive tests of trans actions also correspond to the inquiries of the respective clients, reperformances as well as recalculations. Adding to this, the analytical procedures also correspond to the inquiries of the client, analytical process whereas the tests of details of balances also create the evidence such as the inquiries of the client, reperformances as well as recalculations. Therefore, the evidence mix varies with the alterations in different circumstances (Songini and Pistoni 2012). Figure 2: Variations in Evidence Mix (Source: Songini and Pistoni 2012) The management of the corporation BHP Billiton Ltd can carry out tests such as the risk assessment processes, different tests of controls, substantive tests of transactions, analytical procedures as well as tests of details of balances. Thereafter, the management can undertake the evidence decisions that include audit procedures, size of the sample, selected items and timing. This process also comprises of ascertainment of different types of evidences that includes the documentation, inquiries of client, analytical processes, observation, reperformance, recalculation, physical examination as well as confirmation. Therefore, the process includes the planning and designing the audit approach, performance of tests of control as well as different substantive tests of transactions, performance of analytical procedures as well as tests of details of balances and finally the completion of the audit and issuance of the audit report (Alles and Vasarhelyi 2015). The company encounters inherent risks arising out of the uncertain environmental condition, global financial outlook, unintentional human errors as well as omissions. In addition to this, the company also faces inherent risk due to uncertainties of identification and arrangements for reserves, method of controlling disclosure, estimation in the standardized measure, ascertainment of the production commencement dates, related costs or else the production output, expected life of operation as well as mines or other facilities (Alles and Vasarhelyi 2015). Unexpected natural as well as the functional catastrophe, operational accidents, assets controlled by different third party , violations of the security of the information technology, uncontrolled factors include unrestrained tailings containment violations, subsidence from diverse mining functions, break away from of different polluting materials as well as unrestrained discharge of hydrocarbons also hereby poses inherent risks. These risks therefore lead to the material misstatements in the financial declarations of the firm. Understanding the internal control of the firm can help in the process of evaluation of the control risks (Alles and Vasarhelyi 2015). Thereafter, the auditor can gather requisite information for assessment of the fraud risks. The auditors can utilize the level of detection risk in order to ascertain the requisite audit resources. Emphasis has been given on understanding the audit risk model for discussing on inherent risk factors as per evidence mix for planning of company named as BHP Billiton. It refers majorly to audit as referred in balance between test of balances as well as transactions and analytical procedures at the same time. The current segment describes the main areas and critical analysis regarding the nature as well as extent of testing for the company named as BHP Billiton. Audit Planning is explained in the study as it renders guidance for assisting the auditors during the process of auditing activities (Eilifsen et al. 2013). This enables audit assistance for business firm in evading with the misrepresentation identified in the financial statement of BHP Billiton. Audit Planning for BHP Billiton enables the auditor for identifying the feasible concerns as far as possible. This reveals identification of required inherent risks in aligning with audit risk models. It helps in directing as well a s administrating on appointing experiencing team members for evaluating the risk in an effective way. Reference Alles, M. and Vasarhelyi, M.A., 2015. Adopting continuous auditing.Managerial Auditing Journal,30(2), pp.176-204. Bhpbilliton.com. 2016. [online] Available at: https://www.bhpbilliton.com/~/media/bhp/documents/investors/news/2016/160816_bhpbillitonresultsyearended30june2016.pdf?la=en [Accessed 18 Oct. 2016]. Bhpbilliton.com. 2016.BHP Billiton | A leading global resources company. [online] Available at: https://www.bhpbilliton.com/ [Accessed 17 Oct. 2016]. Eilifsen, A., Messier, W.F., Glover, S.M. and Prawitt, D.F., 2013.Auditing and assurance services. McGraw-Hill. Hayes, R., Wallage, P. and Gortemaker, H., 2014.Principles of auditing: an introduction to international standards on auditing. Pearson Higher Ed. Hayes, R., Wallage, P. and Gortemaker, H., 2014.Principles of auditing: an introduction to international standards on auditing. Pearson Higher Ed. Louwers, T.J., Ramsay, R.J., Sinason, D.H., Strawser, J.R. and Thibodeau, J.C., 2013.Auditing and assurance services. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Messier Jr, W., 2016.Auditing assurance services: A systematic approach. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Messier Jr, W., 2016.Auditing assurance services: A systematic approach. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Porter, B., Simon, J. and Hatherly, D., 2014.Principles of external auditing. John Wiley Sons. Skaife, H.A., Veenman, D. and Wangerin, D., 2013. Internal control over financial reporting and managerial rent extraction: Evidence from the profitability of insider trading.Journal of Accounting and Economics,55(1), pp.91-110. Songini, L. and Pistoni, A., 2012. Accounting, auditing and control for sustainability.Management Accounting Research,23(3), pp.202-204. Wang, C., Chow, S.S., Wang, Q., Ren, K. and Lou, W., 2013. Privacy-preserving public auditing for secure cloud storage.IEEE Transactions on computers,62(2), pp.362-375.

The Woman Warrior free essay sample

A discussion of the themes found throughout Maxine Hong Kingstons memoir, The Woman Warrior. This paper is an analysis of Maxine Hong Kingstons memoir, The Woman Warrior. It examines the themes of silence, invisibility, ghosts and using words as weapons found throughout the book. Examples from the text are provided to support the claims. It may be said that each section of Maxine Hong Kingstons memoir, The Woman Warrior, may be considered a microcosm of the work as a whole. The section No Name Woman incorporates the recurring themes of silence, invisibility, ghosts and using words as weapons. It is argued, that the storys central theme is the process of finding a personal voice (Ling). This is mainly about the Aunt, but also about the mother and the narrator. It is a combination of three female characters each trying to find a voice and fighting against silence, some by choice such as the narrator, some by force, such as the mother, that makes this a powerful theme. We will write a custom essay sample on The Woman Warrior or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

Parvanas Journey Essay Example

Parvanas Journey Essay Example Parvanas Journey Paper Parvanas Journey Paper Parvana’s Journey Book Report Don’t you just hate school uniforms? Well, imagine living in a country where all women had to follow a very strict dress code. The system consisted of covering your face and body so that you were not seen; this covering was called a burqa. The Taliban were a militia that took control of the small, landlocked country called Afghanistan. They enforced very severe conducts upon women and girls, including not allowing them to work, attend school, or even go outside. The paperback ‘Parvana’s Journey’ by Deborah Ellis deals with these issues. Most of this book is set in the afghan wilderness, where there is no food in sight, except for the occasional animal or stream that may trickle by. Mine fields also littler no man’s land. A land mine is a bomb planted in the ground, which explodes if stepped on. The main characters in this tale consist of Parvana, Asif, Leila and Hassan. Parvana is a young girl, at the age of thirteen years. She never gives up hope and is courageous. She steals eggs from a man’s chickens for food, even though she knows that it is wrong. She grabs a baby boy and names him Hassan, even though he is not her responsibility and she could barely take care of herself. Asif is a young boy about ten years old. Toward Parvana, he is stubborn and annoying. He does not listen to Parvana, and criticizes many things she does. For example, while changing baby Hassan’s diaper; he remarks that she is doing it wrong because he was being fussy. Then, silently and patiently, he takes Hassan and does it the right way. This is what makes him stubborn, because he thinks he knows everything, even though sometimes he does not. Parvana also stumbles upon a young girl named Leila, who is eight years old. Leila is very smart and helpful. She sticks with Parvana and provides her with assistance. The conflict in this story is man versus nature because they’re living and wandering throughout the Afghanistan wilderness. They need shelter, food and water. Discovering items to suit their needs is not easy at times. Parvana’s mother, her sister Nooria and Maryam, and her brother Ali were supposed to go to Mazar-e-Sharif before the Taliban took control of the city. Parvana and her father go on a journey to find them. Even after her father dies, she does not hope. She encounters days, sometimes even a week or two without food or water. She takes a baby boy under her wing because his mother had perished in the bombings of the village they inhabited. Soon after she meets Hassan, the baby boy, Parvana reaches a cave where she meets Asif. They had a typical sibling relationship, even though they were not genetically related. The three children struggled to find food and take care of each other. Then they reach Green Valley were they meet Leila. In comparison to the wilderness, Green Valley is a paradise. There was food everyday and a canyon close by. However, all good things end. Green Valley was bombed and the four children returned to wander unknown territory. Hassan, along with the rest, suffer from dehydration and malnutrition. Then they come to a Red Crescent station an internal refugee camp. Red Crescent is the Muslim equivalent to Red Cross. There, Hassan stays in a nursery until he is once again well. When planes drop parcels of food over the camp, people broke out into fights. Leila spotted many more peppered in the mine fields. She’d say that the land mines ‘liked her’ because she’d never gotten hurt before. Despite the past, this time she got hurt. Leila died because of the explosion of one of the bombs. An outraged woman came to Parvana’s side. Amazingly, Parvana knew this woman. It was her mother, whom lived on the other side of the camp. This is where the story ends. I enjoyed reading Parvana’s Journey’. I found it entertaining, a book I did not wish to lie down. Where would she get food? Will she continue her journey without her father? Will she abandon Hassan, Asif and Leila because they are not her responsibility? Finally, will she ever find her family? These questions popped up in my head while reading this novel. Respectfully, my uncertainties were acknowledged throughout the novel. From previous readings, I know that the Taliban were a very horrible group. Other novels were much more graphic. For instance, ‘The Kite Runner’ by Khaled Hosseini. ‘Parvana’s Journey’ deals with the social conditions of Afghanistan. In my opinion, this book is for mature children. Themes in this novel include death and hope. Younger children may not understand this novel the way it needs to be understood. They may also interpret the events in this book in a juvenile fashion. Therefore, it would be a waste of curriculum time. I could not empathize with Parvana at many times during her tale. Much of what she experienced in Afghanistan would not be experienced in a first-world country like Canada. From this novel, I learned to never give up hope even in the darkest hours of your life because there is always a shed of light at the end of the tunnel. In conclusion, ‘Parvana’s Journey’ is a very insightful and interesting novel.

Ismg 12 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ismg 12 - Essay Example The Doctrine of Completed Staff Work makes perfect sense in the world of instant information access. This is because the doctrine advertises for full participation of workers in an organization. This is because an IT company needs such individuals, as well as the ideas of every member of the organization (Austin, Nolan and O’Donnell 200). An IT company needs innovation. People who work in an IT company are creative, and should be allowed to share information with everyone. This is what brings success to a company. Even though, this might make the company vulnerable, it works to the advantage of the company when the corporate culture allows workers to be open (Austin, Nolan and O’Donnell 200). Barton should not bypass the CEO, and tell the board regarding his news. This is because the CEO is Barton’s immediate boss, and; hence, Barton is responsible first to the CEO and then the board. The CEO also expects his workers to share any vital information with him before handing the matter to the board (Austin, Nolan and O’Donnell 202). In only some exceptional cases is where a worker can share information with the board without talking to his or her CEO. However, in Barton’s situation, it is advisable that he consults the CEO before talking to the board. This is because Barton’s CEO might feel out, which might ruin the relation of Barton and his CEO (Austin, Nolan and O’Donnell 202). I agree with Maggie that it is advisable to maintain talks with Williams as this will honor him as the boss of the company. This will also keep the boss prepared in case of any bad news regarding the actions being planned (Austin, Nolan and O’Donnell 203). Maggie know that Williams could be a stubborn person, and when he feels left out in matters that should involve him, then the firm will suffer from his quarrels. It is essential to keep the boss posted, and ask him/her what they think about

Law specialism Incorporated - legal firms and internships Essay - 1

Law specialism Incorporated - legal firms and internships - Essay Example Statistic from the Chartered Institute of Personnel Development reveals that more than 20 percent of the employers have plans to hire interns between April and September 2010, this being an increase from the summer of 2009 where only 13 per cent of the employers in the market were willing to hire these interns. On the other hand, the government has supported internships through the Graduate Talent Pool initiative that was initiated in July 2009 that aims at providing additional opportunities to the graduates that have just concluded their studies and are struggling to find work in the recession period. Although there are employment regulations governing the conduct of the organizations that are willing to employ these interns, there are no requirements for the internships to be paid. An internship charter drawn up by the Chartered Institute of Personnel Development voluntarily has codes of practice details a list of six principles upon which an internship should be based to advance t he interests of the intern as well as the hosting organization. It proposes that the recruitment of the interns should be done the same way employees are recruited and proper consideration placed upon the qualifications and skills they have best fit in with the roles they are expected to fill in the firm as well as the advertisement of the internship indicating the length of the internship period. The intern should be indicted into the firm and given the necessary support to integrate them into the firm, offer supervision to the intern, answer questions and provide feedback to the necessary issues they feel need assessment. A formal performance review should be conducted formally by the firm on the intern’s period and give an evaluation of both the firm and the intern. The employees as well as the interns should be treated with the same degree of professionalism as expected in the working environment and be allowed time off occasionally to attend job interviews or complete st udy requirements that come with the completion of the internship period. At the end of the internship period, the firm should be willing to give a certification or a reference letter to the interns with details of the roles undertaken as well as the results of the performance review conducted to help such an intern in his future career development. The Association of Chief Executives of Voluntary Organizations at any one time has 5 interns and roughly 30 staff engaged in a wide variety of responsibilities relating to research, lobbying, campaigning and press work,  including  drafting correspondence, articles and press releases, preparing policy briefings, and managing their own policy projects, (Acevo Policy Internships, 2013 p. 1). Under The Minimum Wage Act 1998, a worker is someone who has a contract of employment either oral or written with a firm to perform certain duties, services or work for another party that has to be expresses or implied in the stipulated contract and he must be paid a minimum wage unless they are subjected to some special exemptions. Hence it is not an outright assumption that an intern is a worker due to some internship characteristics to do with work experience, voluntary work or work shadowing schemes. In the general traditional approach, internship periods last six to

Theoretical Framework Essay Example for Free

Theoretical Framework Essay Self- efficacy and perceived self-proficiency Bandura’s (1986) social cognitive theory is based on the concept that individuals possess a self-system that enables them to exercise a measure of control over their thoughts, feelings, and actions.   He defines this self-system as housing the individuals’ cognitive and affective structures which includes the abilities to symbolize, learn from others, plan strategies, regulate ones own behavior, and engage in self- reflection.   Bandura believes that through self-reflection, individuals could evaluate their own experiences and thought processes.    Bandura (1986) stresses that self-reflection is the most critical human capability.   Through self-reflection, individuals evaluate and change their own thinking and behavior.   Some of these evaluations include the perceptions of self-efficacy. Self-efficacy is the belief in one’s own capabilities to organize and initiate courses of behavior necessary to achieve specific types of performances. Bandura further elaborated on the belief that perceived self-proficiency could affect behavior in several ways.   Individuals may be influenced in the courses of action they undertake. He believed that individuals may only participate in tasks in which they feel confident and competent.   In contrast, they often avoid those tasks in which they feel unsuccessful.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to Pajares (1996), self-efficacy beliefs could determine how much effort individuals will invest in an activity, how long they will persevere when confronting obstacles, and how resilient they are in adverse situations.   There exists a direct relationship among two sets of variables where the higher the self- efficacy, the greater is the effort, persistence, and resilience. In addition, self- efficacy beliefs could influence individuals’ emotions and thought patterns.   An individual with low self-efficacy could believe that things are more difficult than they really are.   This is a belief state of mind that could contribute to depression, stress, and a limited vision of how to best solve an issue.   On the other hand, high self-efficacy could contribute to an individuals feeling of confidence and serenity in approaching problematic tasks and activities (Bandura 1986; Pajares 1996).   Moreover, according to Bandura, an individuals self- efficacy beliefs are strong determinants and predictors of the level of accomplishment that one may attain.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In consonance with this, online art students are individuals possessing this self-system that Bandura was referring to. Their self-systems could pave the way for an introspection of one’s self. This self-reflection is a means for the students to evaluate their selves and this self-evaluation made by the students are the basis for behavioral changes towards improvement. When done in the educational setting, the students could use this self-system in reflecting with regard to their self-efficacy and self-proficiency. This would direct and pinpoint the strong and weak points of the students and the factors that keep them continuing in an educational endeavor or activity. Adult online art students would need to have the chance to review their set of characteristics such as self-efficacy. As stated above, this activity would pinpoint their strong and weak points and the identification of such would pave the way for reinforcement or reversal of certain behaviors. There might be some factors that would need to be reinforced or improved in the online courses and this would be identified based on the students’ self-efficacy beliefs. Motivations of adult learners   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The literature (Knowles 1995; Mezirow 1991; Rogers 1966) in adult education focuses on the distinct attributes of adults, which builds a rationale for practice based on those attributes. Knowles (1995) advocates that adults are autonomous, self-directed, and have unique needs and requirements as learners.   He also indicates that adults like to direct their own learning and are motivated by several factors:1) are attracted to the social relationships involved in learning; 2) want to create friendships and there is a need to foster interesting associations; 3)   have external expectations; 4) have a desire to comply with instructions from someone else; 5) want to fulfill the expectations of someone with formal authority; 6) want to be of service to the community;7) want to become connected and part of social networks;8) want to secure professional advancements or gain higher status in employment; 9) want to escape from boredom   and learning provides a break in the routine of their daily lives. Moreover, Knowles (1950) believes in informal education; that is education where the learning occurs in daily life and outside of formal school settings. Just the same, the adult students of the online art classes still possess practically the same motivations stated above. It can be noticed that the motivational factors presented here are not entirely in harmony with the elements of an online class. Transformative learning, best theorized by Mezirow (1991) suggests that the adult learner make changes through transforming personal perspectives. Mezirow believes that individuals could be transformed through the process of critical reflection and that changes which accelerate transformative learning are referred to as â€Å"disorienting dilemmas†. These are situations that fail to align with preconceived opinions. The dilemmas encourage critical reflection and guide the development of alternative paths of knowledge. The adult learner is given the chance to reflect on the attitudes, opinions and emotional responses that defined personal perceptions. Transformative learning can, thus, aid adult online art students in bringing about an act of contemplation within their personal perspectives of successes, barriers, and motivations with regard to the online art programs they take. As suggested by Mezirow, the change in personal perspectives can help in attaining necessary changes among the adult students in the educational setting. The theory of experiential learning, by Carl Rogers, evolved as a part of the humanistic education movement (Patterson, 1993; Valett, 1977). Rogers distinguishes two types of learning: cognitive and experiential. Cognitive learning corresponds to academic knowledge such as learning multiplication tables and vocabulary.   Experiential learning refers to an applied knowledge such as learning about sewing in order to make clothing. Rogers (1996) believes that a distinction between cognitive and experiential learning was that the learning addresses the means and desires of the learner.   The qualities of experiential learning are self-initiation, personal involvement, and evaluation by the learner and the pervasive effects on the learner. Rogers also feels that all human beings have the ability to learn and the role of the educator is to facilitate the learning. The educator’s responsibilities were to set a positive climate for learning, clarify the purposes for the learner, organize and make available learning resources, balance intellectual and emotional components of learning, and share thoughts with learners. However, an educator should avoid dominating the classroom.   Rogers (1996) states that real learning is facilitated when the learner participates in the learning process and has control over its direction. Also that it primarily is based upon direct application with practical, social, personal or research problems.   Moreover, self- evaluation is the main method of assessing progress or success. Indeed, the theme of self-evaluation by adult online art students remains to be the central focus of this theory. It is also to be emphasized that it is the adult online art students are the principal actors to whom the learning process should be directed. It is necessary that the inputs to the learning environment comes and directs to the learners, who are the adult online art students, and the teacher remains as a facilitator in the online classes. With the fact that they are the main actors here, they are also the ones who should reflect on the learning process and bring about the change. The teacher, as a facilitator would be the one to be the change agent. Both Rogers (1966) and Mezirow (1991) reflect Knowles’ ideas about informal education. Rogers’ (1966) approach to adult education focuses on relationships. He agrees with Knowles that adults want to create friendships and foster interesting associations. However, he believed that the facilitation of significant learning relied upon the attitudinal relationship of the facilitator and the learner. He also believes that it is impossible to teach another person directly—one could only really facilitate their learning.   Similarly, Mezirow (1991) recognizes that adults are autonomous and self-directed; however, he felt the adult learner needs to challenge their frames of reference by critically reflecting on their assumptions. Mezirow feels this is a critical step in the adults learning. Learning could change if the adult would implement ways to assess their beliefs or prior assumptions. With this, a line can be drawn in the path of the adult online art students. There is a relationship within the facilitator and the learner, who are the teacher and the adult online art student respectively. It is not possible to have a direct domination of the learning process of the adult online art students. There is a need for the adult online art students to evaluate on their current beliefs so as to gain a new perspective in the learning process.   Research by Csikszentmihalyi (1997) also explores motivation. He defines a â€Å"state of flow† as a condition of heightened focus, happiness and productivity that all individuals understand and hunger for. Csikszentmihalyi offers an interesting observation about what individuals believe makes them happy. What was discovered is that individuals are most happy and most productive while pursuing challenging activities. The majority of these activities are during work or pursuing a hobby.   Individuals who emerge from each flow state are more complex, self-confident, capable, and sensitive. The experience becomes its own reward. Moreover, in order to improve one’s life, one must improve the quality of the experience. Csikszentmihalyi believes the main advantage of flow is that it enabled adults to avoid psychic entropy or degeneration which could cause depression, dispiritedness and distraction. The adult online art students are motivated by different things. Generally, it can be said that these motivations come from the idea of being challenged with their online art programs. The very experience would serve as their means and their ends. In addition to this, what matters highly are the goals and experiences given and made by them to keep them going in the online art program. Intentions of adult learners One definition (Webster’s World dictionary 1998) of intention states that it is the reason, motive or purpose for ones actions. It is a determination to act in a specific way and on purpose. However, according to Davies (2006) this definition may be unfinished. Jackson (1994), Kuhl (1990) and McCarty and Siccone (2001) as cited by Davies (2006) believe that intention is an internal representation of a persons values, purposes, or commitment to a particular activity. In addition, intention includes willpower, persistence, determination, desire, effort, work ethic, mindfulness, striving, and focus. Rychlak (1997) adds that through intention individuals have the ability to choose specific actions. They also have specific intentions that can determine the effort and persistence with which they pursue those actions.  Ã‚   Fishbein and Ajzen (1975) add that actual learning behavior is more accurately predicted by a learner’s intent. Davies (2006) concludes that it is the learners’ intent that determines the effort expended and the quality of the learning achieved. Through self-reflection mentioned several times before, the adult online art students would be able to learn about their intentions as learners. The degree of the intensity of the intention also shows the effort that will be brought about by the learner in the learning process and in the online art programs. This would greatly affect their interest in their programs. Intention can be defined as an individuals commitment and will to learn what is expected of them when given a specific learning opportunity.   According to Bandura (2001) intention is the mental representation of commitment to learn which is separate from both from motivation and effort.   Learner intention can characterize an individual aims and values for participating in the learning activity. An individual’s capability to make accurate decisions may vary depending on aptitudes and abilities. Gardner (2006) makes the point that the ability to control oneself in this way is a category of intelligence.   Intrapersonal intelligence as Gardner expresses it, is the degree to which individuals are able to efficiently control motivational influences and accurately judge situations when making decisions and forming intent. Tyler (1995) notes that intentions which are associated with specific decisions are not always fixed.   Circumstances may change and motives can become reconsidered.   Certain individuals may have multiple intentions for multiple activities.   These can often compete for their time and attention.   According to Schunk and Zimmerman (1994) in learning environments where students are faced with conflicting intentions, compromises are made that are often situational.   Students who can self-regulate and prioritize specific learning goals are academically successful. Those who are unable can become unsuccessful. The online educational setting would provide the adult online art students conflicts with regard to their motivations, intentions, and personal perspectives. It is important for the adult online art students to be able to identify their main learning goals in vis-à  -vis their intentions and motivations in order for them to become successful in their online art programs. It is necessary for them to gain a full understanding of their personal perspectives and beliefs because these are the things which would pave the way for a successful academic setting. Success strategies and best practices Palloff and Pratt (2001) discuss successful strategies and principles of good practice for instructors in online undergraduate education. This includes, encouraging contact between students and faculty, developing cooperation among students, promoting the use of active learning techniques, and giving prompt feedback. Another good practice is to place an emphasis on communicating high expectations to all learners of diverse talent and learning styles. Palloff and Pratt (2001) believe that courses that encouraged interactivity are the key to a well constructed online course. It could be remembered that one of the motivations of the adult students is the interaction between the different stakeholders of the learning environment. Thus, the transformation of the online courses into an interactive one is a key step for the administrator and the teachers. The role of the student as the principal actor should be noted here because the adult online students should take a big part and should be considered in the redirection of the online class into an interactive one. Sales-Ciges (2001) separate the instructor’s role in the online classroom into three categories: social, intellectual, and organizational.   The instructor monitors the course content by tracking student’s activities, setting timelines, and introducing procedures.   The instructor also has the role of facilitator in discussions by providing students with feedback on discussion board responses.   Stolovitch and Keeps (1999) add that instructors need to understand how to foster human interaction in a virtual setting and to guide the students through their understanding of course materials. In addition, an instructor needs to promote students interactivity for communication, motivation, discovery and participation when presenting assignments.   Wiggins and TcTighe (2001) believe that the instructor should focus on the students understanding of the material and the ability to transfer the information into real life.   In addition, the assignments must be achievable and rewarding in order to keep the student motivated. In line with this, the teachers as facilitators in the online classes for adults should maintain its role as close as it is in the real setting. It should be as close to the real classroom environment and the adult online students should have all the necessary knowledge and skills to be able to put it into application. The maintenance of the real classroom environment and the ability to put it into application are motivations for the adult online art students. Barriers for completion The research (Mezirow 1991; Tough 1979) supports that adults have several barriers against participating in learning. Significant barriers include confidence, time, interest, money, scheduling, child care, transportation, and information about opportunities to learn. More importantly, less obvious barriers include their past experiences in acquiring new learning. Kennedy (2003) observes that adults have preconceived ways of thinking and this could cause a resistance to learning new information. The adult learners’ past experiences can be a barrier in gaining new learning. Crawford (2006) supports Kennedy’s belief about the adult learner. He notes that a resistance to learning new information can occur from past habits or old ways of thinking about a particular issue. He adds that the reason for this resistance in learning is that adults are often reserved about acquiring new knowledge, particularly if it is in direct contrast to what they believe. Similarly, the adult online art students bear the same difficulties with regard to learning, more so with a new environment which is the online classrooms for them. In addition to this, there are factors that prevent them from proceeding with the learning process as they take into consideration when they enroll and proceed with their online art programs. Motivations to continue According to Knowles (1980) adult learners are educated through life experiences. They gain their self-identity from their past experiences. If they cannot use those experiences or if those experiences are unacknowledged, they can feel rejected as an individual. Bandura (1986) also supported that if an individual perceived themselves as unable to accomplish a task, they would cease to participate in the task. In addition, Kennedy (2003) noted that the fear of failure an adult may bring to the classroom could bring on further rejection from their peer group.   Kennedy believes that past experiences could also be a handicap in acquiring new learning.    Adults sometimes have preconceived ways of thinking that are resistant to change.   Moreover, adult learners could be more reserved about new knowledge if it is in contrast to what they believe.  Ã‚   Lieb (1991) contends that how an adult uses their work provides a significant and important factor in self- identification. An important aspect of work that influences the adults motivations to learn has to do with job dissatisfaction. Changes in technology and other socio-economic factors could influence a great number of adults who change occupations over the course of their lives.   Adults are often motivated to acquire and update new skills for employment. To this, the motivations for the adult online art students are motivated by the environment within which learning occurs. This would also include their past experiences and how they use the things they learn from the online art programs. Palloff and Pratt (2003) support that online learning may require a high degree of motivation, self-directed learning, persistence, and commitment from the adult learner.   Many learners lack the required preparation for the demands of online learning in order to complete their programs. Retention (Frankola 2004) in distance education higher education is not a new subject; however the study of e-learning retention is a relatively new area for research. Most of the existing models (Tinto 1975; Bean 1980) of retention were built on the retention research of ground campuses and nontraditional learners. The field of retention for adult online art students remains an unknown one. It is also necessary to identify the preparedness of the adult online art students to the nature of the learning environment. This will provide them ample time to reflect and transform their personal perspectives and make them in parallel with the situations of the online art programs. The research (Frankola 2001) has shown that the reasons for dropping out of online education programs are multiple, interrelated and complex.   Students are most likely to leave an online program after they complete the first few courses. Few students decide to leave an online education program after they have several courses completed.   The students who persist in the early phases of the online program could be viewed as successful and are probably satisfied with their online learning experience in the program. The students who had issues adjusting to the online program or technology are likely to become frustrated in their first few courses. Taking the time and effort to putting forth the investment into the program could make the difference. The adult online art students who had the chance to reflect on their personal beliefs are the ones predicted to be more successful in their online classes. It is important that the adult online student feels motivated in the experiences and goals in the learning experience to keep them going. Martinez (2003) states that recent nontraditional attrition studies have considered the impact of psychological factors on persistence.   Bandura believes (1986) that some of these factors could be related to the learners’ self-efficacy in regard to self-proficiency. Other factors could have to do with learner intentions (Davies 2006), quality of instruction (Palloff Pratt 2003), and motivations to continue (Frankola 2004; Kennedy 2003). The level of persistence exuded by the students could be affected by several factors, which are important for the adult online art students. This, in consonance with the learning environment, could contribute to the success of the students and in the continuous endeavor in learning.

Michael C. C. Adams Book, The Best War Ever: America and World War II :: Adams Best War Ever World War II Essays

Michael C. C. Adams' Book, The Best War Ever: America and World War II Michael C. C. Adams' book, The Best War Ever: America and World War II, attempts to dispel the numerous misconceptions of the Second World War. As the title suggests, Americans came out of the war with a positive view of the preceding five turbulent years. This myth was born from several factors. Due to the overseas setting of both theaters of the war, intense government propaganda, Hollywood's glamorization, and widespread economic prosperity, Americans were largely sheltered form the brutal truth of World War II. Even to this day, the generation of World War II is viewed as being superior in morality and unity. The popular illusion held that 'there were no ethnic or gender problems, families were happy and united, and children worked hard in school and read a great number of books.' (115) It was a golden era when all Americans set aside their differences and united for a common cause which everyone put above all other priorities. The United States Army was thought of as more advanced in fighting ability, weapons, and supposedly held to a higher standard of ethics on the front. Americans that did die, died in ?an antiseptic, clean, neat way . . . gloriously.? (100) Soldiers weren?t blown apart into pieces, they died honorably and nobly. Many factors had to be in place for such a distorted myth to come about. The central one being that the entire war was fought on foreign land with the exception of the bombing of Pearl Harbor. With the conflicts on the other sides of the oceans, Americans would not witness the brutality, destruction, and suffering of civilians and soldiers alike. ?Only the United States was not both a destroyer and a victim of the destruction in the war.? (73) The civilians of the United States, therefore, relied on other sources to shape their view of World War II. ?Ads implied that if you bought a war bond your sacrifice was on par with that of the man in the front lines.? (74) The US government and industry played on Americans? sense of patriotism in order to get them to support the war or buy their products. However, ?it [advertising] is by nature emotional, rather than intellectual; it sells feelings rather than ideas.? (73) Government propaganda and business advertising were not the only factors in forming the inaccurate myth of the Second World War.

Othello Act 3 Scene 4 Essay

This unhappy scene focuses on Desdemona; she has become an innocent victim of Iago and Othello. From the moment he enters, Othello takes on the role of a persecutor. His first words in line 30 â€Å"O Hardness to dissemble!† not only comments on what he thinks is Desdemona’s â€Å"false seeming† but also reveals how difficult it is to control his feelings when he is in Desdemona’s presence. He proceeds to describe Desdemona’s hand as â€Å"hot† and â€Å"moist† in line 32. This is an allusion to a belief in the time, that when someone’s hand was â€Å"hot† and â€Å"moist† they were of a lustful nature. At this point Desdemona is perplexed by Othello and makes the grave mistake of trying to change the path of their conversation by pressing Othello about Cassio. Othello responds to the mention of Cassio by setting a trap for Desdemona, stating in line 46 â€Å"I have a salt and sorry rheum offends me/lend me thy ha ndkerchief†. Upon Desdemona’s failure to give him the strawberry printed handkerchief, Othello goes into a rage, telling Desdemona of the significance of the handkerchief and that she should not have lost it. The handkerchief is an extremely important symbol in the play. This handkerchief that an â€Å"Egyptian charmer to my mother give â€Å"represents Othello’s mysterious and exotic heritage. More importantly in this scene, Othello reveals that the handkerchief symbolises his love for Desdemona and Desdemona’s chastity. His belief that she has given it away means the break in their love, the giving away of her body. The dramatic irony is that although the handkerchief is lost, Desdemona still loves Othello. The theme of appearance vs. reality is clear in the scene, for although Desdemona appears to be covering up for her sins when in reality she is completely pure and blameless. Othello’s claim that â€Å"there’s magic in the web of† the handkerchief (line 65), reintroduces the theme of magic. This can be contrasted to Act 1, when Othello claimed ignorance and disregard for magic when Brabantio accused him of witchcraft. In this scene he takes the opposite position; although the handkerchief does not embody magic, it has a magic, a hold on Othello. He believes fervently that the loss of the handkerchief represents Desdemona’s betrayal and seems to be enchanted by the token. Later he is seen repeating the line â€Å"The handkerchief† three times in an uncontrolled fury. The innocent Desdemona is fearful of its loss cries out â€Å"Then would to God that I had never seen it† in line 73. Frightened by his rash words, Desdemona lies about the handkerchief and states â€Å"It is not lost, but what and if it were?† in line 79. This is tragically consequential and makes the audience wonder that if she had told the truth there may have been hope in averting this tragedy. Othello leaves at the end of the scene enraged, exclaiming â€Å"Zounds!†

Elie Wiesels Night Essay - 1159 Words

Elie Wiesels Night As humans, we require basic necessities, such as food, water, and shelter to survive. But we also need a reason to live. The reason could be the thought of a person, achieving some goal, or a connection with a higher being. Humans need something that drives them to stay alive. This becomes more evident when people are placed in horrific situations. In Elie Wiesels memoir Night, he reminisces about his experiences in a Nazi concentration camp during the Holocaust. There the men witness horrific scenes of violence and death. As time goes on they begin to lose hope in the very things that keep them alive: their faith in God, each other, and above all, themselves.†¦show more content†¦And Elie thinks to himself, Why should I sanctify His name? The Almighty, the eternal and terrible Master of the Universe, chose to be silent. What was there to thank him for? (33). People are easily manipulated when they witness horrors that go against or disprove what they believe in. And when th ey realize this, it deeply lowers their morale and will to live. Humans are very social by nature, the idea of family, and friends are things that separate us from other animals. Ask anyone what important to them, and most will reply family, and friends. This is also true during the holocaust; many of the survivors lived only because of the thought of their loved ones. When he arrives at Auschwitz, Elie meets Stein, a relative from Antwerp. Stein tells them that the only thing that keeps [him] alive is to know that Reizel and the little ones are still alive. Were it not for them, I would give upÂ… (45). Because of our social nature, humans become connected to one another on a much deeper level. When a person loses those that they care about the most, they also lose the will to live. For some people this happens very quickly, depression sets in and a person will become immune to their surroundings, no longer caring what happens. Elie survives through the holocaust because his father is with him. Because of hisShow MoreRelatedElie Wiesels Night51 6 Words   |  3 PagesElie Wiesels Night Elie Wiesel’s Night is about what the Holocaust did, not just to the Jews, but, by extension, to humanity. The disturbing disregard for human beings, or the human body itself, still to this day, exacerbates fear in the hearts of men and women. The animalistic acts by the Nazis has scarred mankind eternally with abhorrence and discrimination. It seems impossible that the examination of one’s health, by a doctor, can result in the death of a human being if he appearsRead More Elie Wiesel’s Night 936 Words   |  4 Pages There exist only two types of people in a time of war and crisis, those who survive and those who die. Elie Wiesel’s novel, Night shows how Elie, himself, faces difficult problems and struggles to survive World War II. Wilfred Owen’s poem, â€Å"Dulce et Decorum Est†, tells a story about a young soldier thinking of himself before others during World War I. The poem â€Å"Mary Hamilton† shows how a mother killed her child so she would not get into trouble. Sir John Harrington writes about a sadRead MoreAn Analysis of Elie Wiesels Night822 Words   |  3 PagesElie Wiesel: Night The five letters that Elie Wiesel utilizes as the title for his book summarize, within one word, all the feelings, the uncertainty, the anger, the fear, etc. associated with the events contained in this novel. The book is a work of art, and Wiesel is a great storyteller, leaving his audience with a deeper knowledge of both historical events and the defiance and courage of the human spirit. Perhaps the most memorable scene in the story is that in which the author and his fatherRead More Elie Wiesels Night Essay448 Words   |  2 PagesElie Wiesels Night In Elie Wiesel’s Night, he recounts his horrifying experiences as a Jewish boy under Nazi control. His words are strong and his message clear. Wiesel uses themes such as hunger and death to vividly display his days during World War II. Wiesel’s main purpose is to describe to the reader the horrifying scenes and feelings he suffered through as a repressed Jew. His tone and diction are powerful for this subject and envelope the reader. Young readers today find the actionsRead More Elie Wiesels Night Essays1095 Words   |  5 PagesNight In Night, by Elie Wiesel, there is an underlying theme of anger. Anger not directed where it seems most appropriate- at the Nazis- but rather a deeper, inbred anger directed towards God. Having once been a role model of everything a â€Å"good Jew† should be, Wiesel slowly transforms into a faithless human being. He cannot comprehend why the God who is supposed to love and care for His people would refuse to protect them from the Germans. This anger grows as Wiesel does and is a constantRead MoreA Comparison Of Night By Elie Wiesels Inhumanity In Night880 Words   |  4 Pagescountless thousands mourn† is very relevant in the Holocaust texts Night by Elie Wiesel and The Last Days directed by James Moll because it really sums up the Holocaust. Both these texts give insight to what happened inside the camps and how the survivors were changed forever. These texts both show that in times of extreme inhumanity, one can lose his faith, which leads to a loss of innocence. Wiesel struggled a lot with his faith in Night. Before the Holocaust he had full faith in God. But his faithRead MoreEssay about Elie Wiesels Night881 Words   |  4 PagesThe tragedies of the holocaust forever altered history. One of the most detailed accounts of the horrific events from the Nazi regime comes from Elie Wiesel’s Night. He describes his traumatic experiences in German concentration camps, mainly Buchenwald, and engages his readers from a victim’s point of view. He bravely shares the grotesque visions that are permanently ingrained in his mind. His autobiography gives readers vivid, unforgettable, and shocking images of the past. It is beneficial thatRead MoreAnalysis Of Elie Wiesels Night933 Words   |  4 PagesThe author of Night, a novel documenting the horrible and gruesome events of the holocaust, Elie Wiesel expresses his experiences and observations in which he and his fellow Jews were dehumanized while living in concentration camps (a hell on e arth). All Jews, as a race were brutalized by the Nazis during this time; reducing them to no less than objects, positions which meant nothing to them, belongings that were a nuisance. Nazis would gather every Jew that they could find and bring them to theseRead MoreElie Wiesels Night Essay766 Words   |  4 PagesIn the memoir, Night, author Elie Wiesel portrays the dehumanization of individuals and its lasting result in a loss of faith in God. Throughout the Holocaust, Jews were doggedly treated with disrespect and inhumanity. As more cruelty was bestowed upon them, the lower their flame of hope and faith became as they began turning on each other and focused on self preservation over family and friends. The flame within them never completely died, but rather stayed kindling throughout the journey untilRead MoreWhen Night Falls in Elie Wiesels Book, Night687 Words   |  3 PagesWhen Night Falls Elie Wiesel’s book Night presents certain aspects of Jewish history, culture and practice through the story of Wiesel’s experience with his father in the concentration camps. Wiesel witnessed many horribly tragic things throughout his days in the concentration camps. It is these experiences that cause him to struggle with his faith. He grew up as a devote Jew who enjoyed studying and devoting himself to his religion. Throughout the book we see him struggle with his concept